Is peer education the best approach for HIV prevention in schools? Findings from a randomized controlled trial
Journal of Adolescent HealthPublished 18 May 2005
Piero Borgia, Chiara Marinacci, Patrizia Schifano, Carlo A. Perucci
Citations120
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.86
SNIP1.62
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
The only apparent benefit of the peer-led intervention, compared to that led by teachers, was a greater improvement in knowledge of HIV, and neither of the interventions induced changes in sexual behavior.
Abstract
The only apparent benefit of the peer-led intervention, compared to that led by teachers, was a greater improvement in knowledge of HIV. Neither of the interventions induced changes in sexual behavior. However, the role of possible biases and methodological problems must be considered when interpreting these results.
Keywords
MedicineHealth Professions
Psychological ReviewSelf-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
42,551 Citations1977Albert Bandura
Psychological ReviewSelf-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
35,454 Citations1977Albert Bandura
An integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment is presented and findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive mode of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes.
Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior
26,054 Citations1980Icek Ajzen, Martin Fishbein
Contemporary Sociology A Journal of ReviewsSocial Learning Theory.
25,678 Citations1978Jackson Kytle, Albert Bandura
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyStages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change.
8,667 Citations1983James O. Prochaska, Carlo C. DiClemente
Journal of the Franklin InstituteNonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
7,279 Citations1957Laurence C. McGinn
TechnometricsApplied Linear Statistical Models
7,271 Citations1997Michael Kutner, Nachtsheim, Christopher J. +2 more
Advances in Behaviour Research and TherapySelf-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change?
2,042 Citations1978John D. Teasdale
PubMedPrevalence of selected developmental disabilities in children 3-10 years of age: the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program, 1991.
841 Citations1996Coleen A. Boyle, Marshalyn Yeargin‐Allsopp +4 more
MADDSP data will be used to direct early childhood intervention efforts to reduce the prevalence of these four developmental disabilities, and are being used to measure progress toward the year 2000 national objectives for the prevention of serious mental retardation.
American Journal of Public HealthHIV risk behavior reduction following intervention with key opinion leaders of population: an experimental analysis.
743 Citations1991Jeffrey A. Kelly, Janet S. St. Lawrence +7 more
Interventions that employ peer leaders to endorse change may produce or accelerate population behavior changes to lessen risk for HIV infection.
AIDS prevention and mental healthThe Health Belief Model and HIV Risk Behavior Change
707 Citations1994Irwin M. Rosenstock, Victor J. Strecher +1 more
The HBM has been one of the most widely used psychosocial approaches to explaining health-related behavior and to their behavior in response to diagnosed illness, particularly compliance with medical regimens.
The LancetRandomised, controlled, community-level HIV-prevention intervention for sexual-risk behaviour among homosexual men in US cities
512 Citations1997Jeffrey A. Kelly, Debra A. Murphy +6 more
Popular and well-liked members of a community who systematically endorse and recommend risk-reduction behaviour can influence the sexual-risk practices of others in their social networks and bring about population-level changes in risk behaviour.
American Journal of Public HealthCommunity AIDS/HIV risk reduction: the effects of endorsements by popular people in three cities.
442 Citations1992Jeffrey A. Kelly, J. S. Lawrence +7 more
The results support the utility of norm-changing approaches to reduce HIV risk behavior and introduce an intervention that trained popular people to serve as behavioral change endorsers to peers sequentially across three different cities.
Computer Methods and Programs in BiomedicineMIXOR: a computer program for mixed-effects ordinal regression analysis
412 Citations1996Donald Hedeker, Robert D. Gibbons
MIXOR provides maximum marginal likelihood estimates for mixed-effects ordinal probit, logistic, and complementary log-log regression models, used for analysis of dichotomous and ordinal outcomes from either a clustered or longitudinal design.
Academic Press eBooksCorrespondence analysis in the Social Sciences : recent developments and applications
301 Citations1994Michael Greenacre, Jörg Blasius
AIDSPrevention of HIV infection
261 Citations1994Kyung–Hee Choi, Thomas J. Coates
This paper presents a study which critically reviews the scientific literature on AIDS prevention programs in an attempt to determine the extent to which behavioral intervention research has demonstrated the efficacy of methods for risk behavior reduction.
AIDS prevention and mental healthHandbook of HIV Prevention
257 Citations2000John L. Peterson, Ralph J. DiClemente
Theoretical and Methodological issues, practical issues, and Implications of HIV Intervention Research are outlined.
BMJSexual health education interventions for young people: a methodological review
250 Citations1995Ann Oakley, Deirdre Fullerton +5 more
The design of evaluations in sexual health intervention needs to be improved so that reliable evidence of the effectiveness of different approaches to promoting young people's sexual health may be generated.
American Journal of Public HealthCommunity-level HIV intervention in 5 cities: final outcome data from the CDC AIDS Community Demonstration Projects.
243 Citations1999
The intervention led to significant communitywide progress toward consistent HIV risk reduction and at the individual level, respondents recently exposed to the intervention were more likely to carry condoms and to have higher stage-of-change scores for condom and bleach use.
BMJIncrease in high risk sexual behaviour among homosexual men, London 1996-8: cross sectional, questionnaire study
200 Citations2000Julie Dodds
The likelihood of engaging in high risk sexual behaviour may be increasing as new treatments reduce concern about infection, and the incidence of HIV infection among homosexual men in the United Kingdom is increasing despite efforts to reduce high riskSexual behaviour.
AIDSBehavioural interventions for HIV/AIDS prevention
196 Citations1995Ann Oakley, Deirdre Fullerton +1 more
Evaluation design in the HIV prevention and sexual health fields needs to be improved and more use of randomized controlled trials and the raising of publication standards by journals is recommended.
New England Journal of MedicineAre Advances in Treatment Changing Views about High-Risk Sex?
161 Citations1997James Dilley, William J. Woods +1 more
To the Editor: Recent advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease have raised considerable hope for people living with HIV, as well as for those at risk of infection; these advances also pose potential new public health problems, because they may influence risky sexual behavior.
Medical Entomology and ZoologyUsing Research for Effective Health Promotion
151 Citations2001Sandy Oliver, Greet Peersman
Part one Theory of health promotion and evaluation: promoting health - principles of practice and evaluation evaluating health promotion - methodological diversity learning from research and Advances in evidence-informed policy and practice.
Journal of School HealthThe Efficacy of Peer Leaders in Drug Abuse Prevention
139 Citations1986Knut‐Inge Klepp, Andrew Halper +1 more
PubMedAn impact evaluation of project SNAPP: an AIDS and pregnancy prevention middle school program.
134 Citations1997Douglas Kirby, Meg Korpi +2 more
Well implemented programs that are based on upon theory, use interactive activities, and utilize well-trained peer educators do not always change important sexual attitudes and behaviors among middle school youth.
AIDS prevention and mental healthSchool-Based Interventions to Prevent Unprotected Sex and HIV among Adolescents
121 Citations2000Douglas Kirby
The increase in the puberty —marriage gap, and also with the advent of more reliable contraceptives and with changes in beliefs about premarital sex, an increasingly large percentage of adolescents have decided to engage in sex prior to marriage.
Health Education ResearchPeer-led sex education--characteristics of peer educators and their perceptions of the impact on them of participation in a peer education programme
83 Citations2002Vicki Strange
The profile of peer educators is described and the methodological difficulties of assessing how involvement in a peer-led sex education programme impacts on peer educators are discussed.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineLong-term Effects of a Middle School– and High School–Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sexual Risk Prevention Intervention
75 Citations2001David M. Siegel, Marilyn J. Aten +1 more
A positive long-term effect from the RAPP intervention was observed, particularly for youth who were involved in less risk (eg, not yet sexually active) at study enrollment, suggesting that the most appropriate time for intervention implementation is earlier in adolescence, before the onset of risky behaviors.
AIDS Education and PreventionStudents Together Against Negative Decisions (STAND): Evaluation of a School-Based Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention in the Rural South
68 Citations2000Mike U. Smith, Francis C. Dane +3 more
The STAND peer-educator training program appears to be an effective method for improving selected sexual knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among participant teenagers in the rural South.
Preventive MedicineSTAND: A Peer Educator Training Curriculum for Sexual Risk Reduction in the Rural South
62 Citations2000Mike U. Smith, Ralph J. DiClemente
The STAND program has thrived in a relatively conservative rural environment, and has had a positive impact on adolescents' sexual risk taking, and represents a new genre of HIV prevention program.
Health Education ResearchWhat influences peer-led sex education in the classroom? A view from the peer educators
47 Citations2002Vicki Strange
This paper aims to identify the issues and processes considered by peer educators to be important in implementing a peer education programme, and to examine peer educators' views on the relationship between themselves and the Year 9 students.
The LancetRise in gonorrhoea in London, UK
37 Citations2000Iona M. C. Martin, C A Ison
An alarming 34·9% overall increase in the number of gonococcal infections diagnosed during the same 3 month study period during 3 years is reported.
The LancetIncreasing gonorrhoea reports—not only in London
29 Citations2000Kelvin A Fenton, Pauline Rogers +3 more
PubMedActivity and similarity on safe sex workshops led by peer educators.
24 Citations1997G D Reeder, J B Pryor +1 more
Results indicate that the Activity Workshop was more effective than the Information Workshop at encouraging condom use in the month following the workshop.
Statistics in MedicineApplication of random effect ordinal regression model for outcome evaluation of two randomized controlled trials
5 Citations2001Chiara Marinacci, Patrizia Schifano +2 more
A random effect ordinal regression model was applied to data sets from two randomized controlled intervention trials that measured graded scale non‐independent responses that showed a borderline significant increase in the role‐functioning scale scores over the follow‐up period.
BMJSexual health education interventions for young people
5 Citations1995Trevor Stammers
A methodological review of the effectiveness of sex education programmes draws attention to how few well designed studies have been carried out in this important area.
