Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis.
Genes & DevelopmentPublished 1 January 1996Open access
Eileen White
Citations1,319
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score4.00
SNIP1.43
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TL;DR
The identification of genes that control cell death and the appreciation of the role of apoptosis in development and disease has been identified and the characterization of the function of these gene products will help to define the process of cell death at the biochemical level.
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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A mouse strain has been constructed in which one allele of Rb is disrupted, and heterozygous animals are not predisposed to retinoblastoma, but some display pituitary tumours arising from cells in which the wild-type Rb allele is absent.
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NatureSunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer
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Skin appears to possess a p53-dependent 'guardian-of-the-tissue' response to DNA damage which aborts precancerous cells, and if this response is reduced in a single cell by a prior p53 mutation, sunburn can select for clonal expansion of the p 53-mutated cell into the AK.
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CellThe gene for neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein is partially deleted in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy
971 Citations1995Natalie Roy, Mani S. Mahadevan +19 more
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847 Citations1994Carmé Caelles, Arno Helmberg +1 more
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843 Citations1994Keith P. Wilson, Jo-Anne F. Black +9 more
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839 Citations1994Lin Wang, Masayuki Miura +3 more
Overexpression of IchL induces programmed cell death, suggesting that Ich-1 is also a mammalian programmed cellDeath gene, and overexposure of the Ich- 1S suppresses Rat-1 cell death induced by serum deprivation, which suggests that Ich -1 plays an important role in both positive and negative regulation of programmed celldeath in vertebrate animals.
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Genes & DevelopmentMice lacking ADPRT and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation develop normally but are susceptible to skin disease.
779 Citations1995Z Q Wang, B. Auer +5 more
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767 Citations1992Abdallah Fanidi, Elizabeth A. Harrington +1 more
It is shown that expression of the bcl-2 protein, B cl-2, specifically abrogates c-mvoinduced apoptosis without affecting the c-myc mitogenic function, providing a novel mechanism for oncogene cooperation, of potential importance both in carcinogenesis and in the evolution of drug resistance in tumours.
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763 Citations1994Xu Qin, David M. Livingston +2 more
E2F-1 is a transcription factor suspected of activating genes required for S phase and a known target for the action of RB, the retinoblastoma gene product, which gives rise to proliferative and apoptotic signals.
NatureBcl-2 blocks apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA
762 Citations1993Michael D. Jacobson, Julia F. Burne +4 more
It is reported that human mutant cell lines that lack mitochondrial DNA, and therefore do not have a functional respiratory chain, can still be induced to die by apoptosis, and that they can be protected from apoptosis by the overexpression of bcl-2, suggesting that neither apoptosis nor the protective effect of bCl-2 depends on mitochondrial respiration.
ScienceMediation of c-Myc-Induced Apoptosis by p53
750 Citations1994Heiko Hermeking, Dirk Eick
It is suggested that p53 mediates apoptosis as a safeguard mechanism to prevent cell proliferation induced by oncogene activation.
NatureInvolvement of an ICE-like protease in Fas-mediated apoptosis
748 Citations1995Masato Enari, Hubert Hug +1 more
The results suggest an involvement of an ICE-like protease in Fas-mediated apoptosis and TNF-induced cytotoxicity and a specific ICE inhibitor tetrapeptide (acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone) that also prevents apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody.
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It is demonstrated that Myc‐induced apoptosis in low serum is inhibited by a restricted group of cytokines, principally the insulin‐like growth factors and PDGF, and Cytokine‐mediated protection from apoptosis is not linked to the cytokines’ abilities to promote growth.
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740 Citations1995Subrata Haldar, Nilamani Jena +1 more
Using the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid or the chemotherapeutic drug taxol, it is found that Bcl-2 was phosphorylated in lymphoid cells, which seems to inhibit its ability to interfere with apoptosis.
NatureInduction of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 homologue Bak
734 Citations1995Thomas W. Chittenden, Elizabeth A. Harrington +5 more
The complementary DNA cloning and functional analysis of a new Bcl-2 homologue, Bak, is described, which promotes cell death and counteracts the protection from apoptosis provided by B cl-2.
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734 Citations1995Laurie B. Owen‐Schaub, Wei Zhang +9 more
Temperature-sensitive transcription of Fas/APO-1 occurred in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was not required and suggested a direct involvement of p53.
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717 Citations1992Irène Garcia, Isabelle Martinou +2 more
Overexpression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene in cultured sympathetic neurons has now been shown to prevent apoptosis normally induced by deprivation of nerve growth factor, suggesting that the B cl-2 protein may be a major mediator of the effects of neurotrophic factors on neuronal survival.
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687 Citations1995Takaaki Sato, Shinji Irie +2 more
Gene transfer-mediated elevations in FAP-1 partially abolished Fas-induced apoptosis in a T cell line, consistent with an inhibitory effect of Fap-1 on Fas signal transduction.
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672 Citations1993S. W. Lowe, H. Earl Ruley
The results suggest that the involvement of p53 in tumor suppression and/or apoptosis can be regulated at the level of protein turnover, and a major oncogenic role for E1B is to counter cellular responses to E1A that preclude transformation by E 1A alone.
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E1A-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation is accompanied by apoptosis and thereby insufficient to singly induce transformation, and high-frequency transformation requires a second function encoded by the E1B 19-kDa protein to block apoptosis.
PubMedImmunohistochemical determination of in vivo distribution of Bax, a dominant inhibitor of Bcl-2.
664 Citations1994Stanisław Krajewski, Maryla Krajewska +4 more
In this report, the in vivo patterns of bax gene expression were immunohistochemically assessed in the mouse, with a polyclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to a unique region in the murine Bax protein.
Genes & DevelopmentSeveral hydrophobic amino acids in the p53 amino-terminal domain are required for transcriptional activation, binding to mdm-2 and the adenovirus 5 E1B 55-kD protein.
652 Citations1994Jiayuh Lin, Jiandong Chen +2 more
It is suggested that 2-4 critical hydrophobic residues in the amino-terminal domain of the p53 protein interact with the transcriptional machinery of the cell resulting in transcriptional activation.
ScienceInhibition of ICE Family Proteases by Baculovirus Antiapoptotic Protein p35
643 Citations1995Nancy J. Bump, Maria Hackett +14 more
NatureProgrammed cell death and Bcl-2 protection in very low oxygen
630 Citations1995Michael D. Jacobson, Martin Raff
It is found that cells cultured in a near-anaerobic atmosphere where the generation of ROS would be expected not to occur, or at least to be greatly reduced, inhibit PCD induced by ROS-generating agents but do not inhibit PCd induced by other means.
SciencePrevention of Programmed Cell Death in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> by Human <i>bcl-2</i>
624 Citations1992David L. Vaux, Irving L. Weissman +1 more
Expression of the human bcl-2 gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans reduced the number of programmed cell deaths, suggesting that the mechanism of programmedcell death controlled by bCl-2 in humans is the same as that in nematodes.
SciencePrevention of Vertebrate Neuronal Death by the <i>crmA</i> Gene
615 Citations1994Valeria Gagliardini, Pierre-Alain Fernandez +5 more
Interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme is a mammalian homolog of CED-3, a protein required for programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and is likely to participate in neuronal death in vertebrates.
NaturePrevention of hypoxia-induced cell death by Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL
614 Citations1995Shigeomi Shimizu, Yutaka Eguchi +4 more
The data suggest that B cl-2 and Bcl-xL exert an anti-cell death function by a mechanism other than regulation of ROS activity.
NatureRequirement of an ICE/CED-3 protease for Fas/APO-1-mediated apoptosis
612 Citations1995Marek Łoś, Marc Van de Craen +8 more
It is reported here that Fas/APO-1-mediated apoptosis requires the activation of a new class of cysteine proteases, including interleukin-lβ-converting enzyme (ICE)8á[euro]-10, which are homologous to the product of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell-death gene ced-3 (refs 11, 12).
Naturep53-dependent apoptosis produced by Rb-deficiency in the developing mouse lens
611 Citations1994Sharon D. Morgenbesser, Bart O. Williams +2 more
The effects of the Rb-deficient state on the development of the ocular lens are described and it is demonstrated that loss of Rb function is associated with unchecked proliferation, impaired expression of differentiation markers, and inappropriate apoptosis in lens fibre cells.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesEpstein-Barr virus-coded BHRF1 protein, a viral homologue of Bcl-2, protects human B cells from programmed cell death.
602 Citations1993S. A. Henderson, David Huen +4 more
By gene transfer, it is shown that BHRF1 resembles Bcl-2 both in its subcellular localization and in its capacity to enhance B-cell survival, suggesting that B HRF1 provides an alternative, B cl-2-independent, means of enhancing B- cell survival that may operate during the virus lytic cycle.
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