Women’s Health Series Major Depression in Women: A Review of the Literature
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996)Published 1 July 2000
Hirai D. Desai, Michael W. Jann
Citations98
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
By providing education about this disease, referring individuals with signs and symptoms of depression for evaluation, and encouraging appropriate use of antidepressants, pharmacists can improve the detection and treatment of major depression.
Abstract
Biological and psychosocial factors contribute to the higher vulnerability of women to major depression. The biological-psychosocial origins of depression in women may require a multidimensional approach to treatment. By providing education about this disease, referring individuals with signs and symptoms of depression for evaluation, and encouraging appropriate use of antidepressants, pharmacists can improve the detection and treatment of major depression.
Keywords
PsychologyMedicine
Archives of General PsychiatryLifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States
12,491 Citations1994Ronald C. Kessler
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is greater than previously thought to be the case, and morbidity is more highly concentrated than previously recognized in roughly one sixth of the population who have a history of three or more comorbid disorders.
The LancetAlternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study
7,036 Citations1997Christopher J L Murray, Alan D López
Three scenarios of future mortality and disability for different age-sex groups, causes, and regions, developed as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study, found some robust results with implications for health policy.
The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020.
6,935 Citations1996Christopher J L Murray, Alan D López
International Review of PsychiatryRates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis
3,155 Citations1996Michael W. O’Hara, Annette Swain
SciencePharmacogenomics: Translating Functional Genomics into Rational Therapeutics
2,486 Citations1999William E. Evans, Mary V. Relling
Pharmacogenomic studies are rapidly elucidating the inherited nature of these differences in drug disposition and effects, thereby enhancing drug discovery and providing a stronger scientific basis for optimizing drug therapy on the basis of each patient's genetic constitution.
Journal of Affective DisordersSex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence
2,201 Citations1993Ronald C. Kessler
Age of onset analysis shows that this sex difference begins in early adolescence and persists through the mid-50s and means that the higher prevalence of 12-month depression among women than men is largely due to women having a higher risk of first onset.
Archives of General PsychiatryThree-Year Outcomes for Maintenance Therapies in Recurrent Depression
1,309 Citations1990David J. Kupfer
It is concluded that active imipramine treatment is an effective means of preventing recurrence beyond 3 years and that patients with previous episodes less than 2 1/2 years apart, therefore, merit continued prophylaxis for at least 5 years.
The British Journal of PsychiatryThe Validation of the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale on a Community Sample
900 Citations1990Lynne Murray, Andrew D. Carothers
The Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale was validated on a community sample of 702 women at six weeks post-partum using Research Diagnostic Criteria for depression to offer improved guidelines for the use of the EPDS by the primary care team.
The British Journal of PsychiatryA Controlled Study of the Onset, Duration and Prevalence of Postnatal Depression
780 Citations1993John Cox, Declan Murray +1 more
No significant difference in the point prevalence of depression at six months was found between the postnatal and control women, nor in the six-month period prevalence, but a threefold higher rate of onset of depression was found within five weeks of childbirth.
New England Journal of MedicineBirth Outcomes in Pregnant Women Taking Fluoxetine
738 Citations1996Christina Chambers, Kathleen A. Johnson +3 more
Women who take fluoxetine during pregnancy do not have an increased risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss or major fetal anomalies, but women who take the drug in the third trimester are at increased risk for perinatal complications.
New England Journal of MedicineNeurodevelopment of Children Exposed in Utero to Antidepressant Drugs
578 Citations1997Irena Nulman, Joanne Rovet +6 more
American Journal of PsychiatryThe prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiologic model
560 Citations1993K S Kendler, Ronald C. Kessler +3 more
The model suggested that at least four major and interacting risk factor domains are needed to understand the etiology of major depression: traumatic experiences, genetic factors, temperament, and interpersonal relations.
Journal of Health and Social BehaviorWidowhood and Depression: Explaining Long-Term Gender Differences in Vulnerability
557 Citations1992Debra Umberson, Camille B. Wortman +1 more
Results from a 1986 national survey show that having ever been widowed is associated with current levels of depression and that this association is greater for men than women and that the primary mechanism linking widowhood to depression among women is financial strain.
Journal of Affective DisordersSex differences in rates of depression: cross-national perspectives
551 Citations1993Myrna M. Weissman
The rates of major depression for males seem to be rising and for females stabilizing for birth cohorts born after 1945 (World War II), and new data from the National Comorbidity Survey which has younger birth cohorts can directly examine this issue.
The British Journal of PsychiatryDepression Comorbid with Anxiety: Results from the WHO Study on Psychological Disorders in Primary Health Care
549 Citations1996Nornam Sartorius, T. Bedirhan Üstün +2 more
Well-defined psychological problems are frequent in all the general health-care settings examined and among the most common were depression, anxiety, alcohol misuse, somatoform disorders, and neurasthenia.
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyControlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: Comparison of childbearing and nonchildbearing women.
547 Citations1990Michael W. O’Hara, Ellen M. Zekoski +2 more
There were no differences between CB and NCB Ss with respect to rates of minor and major depression during pregnancy or after delivery, however, CB women experienced significantly higher levels of depressive symptomatology and poor social adjustment than NCB women during late pregnancy and the early puerperium.
ScienceDepression in Women: Implications for Health Care Research
531 Citations1995Myrna M. Weissman, Mark Olfson
Epidemiologic data from around the world demonstrate that major depression is approximately twice as common in women than men and that its first onset peaks during the childbearing years, especially during the reproductive years.
American Journal of PsychiatryChildhood Sexual Abuse as a Risk Factor for Depression in Women: Psychosocial and Neurobiological Correlates
518 Citations1999E. L. Weiss, J G Longhurst +1 more
Investigation of the mechanisms mediating the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult-onset depression, and the study of gender differences in exposure to this and other stressors, may improve the understanding of the etiology of depressive illness in general.
DrugsGender Effects in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
504 Citations1995Robert Z. Harris, Leslie Z. Benet +1 more
Female-specific issues such as pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptive use and menstruation may also have profound effects on drug metabolism, and sex differences in drug metabolism may be involved in the higher incidence of adverse reactions to drugs in women compared with men.
Journal of Affective DisordersSex and depression in the national comorbidity survey. II: Cohort effects
487 Citations1994Ronald C. Kessler, Katherine McGonagle +4 more
A cohort difference in 12-month MDE is found, with older women much more likely than older men to have recurrent episodes, and this sex difference in recurrence plays an important part in the elevated 12- month prevalence of depression among women compared to men in the 45-54 age range.
Annals of EpidemiologyA longitudinal analysis of the association between menopause and depression Results from the Massachusetts women's health study
476 Citations1994Nancy E. Avis, Donald Brambilla +2 more
Results show that prior depression is the variable most predictive of subsequent depression, as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale.
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical NeuroscienceThe Zurich Study
455 Citations1992C Ernst, Jules Angst
Among women, a diagnosis of depression was more often associated with disturbances of appetite and with phobias than among men, and when syndromes or diagnoses were controlled, women and men suffered to an equal rate from subjective impairment at work.
New England Journal of MedicineFluoxetine in the Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoria
448 Citations1995Meir Steiner, Susanne Steinberg +6 more
Fluoxetine at a dose of 20 or 60 mg per day was significantly superior to placebo in reducing symptoms of tension, irritability, and dysphoria, as measured by the visual-analogue scales.
American Journal of PsychiatryPharmacologic management of psychiatric illness during pregnancy: dilemmas and guidelines
435 Citations1996L. Altshuler, Lee S. Cohen +4 more
Exposure to certain psychotropic drugs in utero may increase the risk for some specific congenital anomalies, but the rate of occurrence of these anomalies even with the increased risk remains low.
JAMAPregnancy Outcome Following Maternal Use of the New Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
429 Citations1998Nathalie A. Kulin, Anne Pastuszak +11 more
The new SSRIs, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline, do not appear to increase the teratogenic risk when used in their recommended doses.
Journal of Abnormal PsychologyControlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: Psychological, environmental, and hormonal variables.
409 Citations1991Michael W. O'Hara, Janet Schlechte +2 more
Archives of General PsychiatryFive-Year Outcome for Maintenance Therapies in Recurrent Depression
371 Citations1992David J. Kupfer
JAMAPregnancy Outcome Following First-Trimester Exposure to Fluoxetine (Prozac)
371 Citations1993Anne Pastuszak
Biochemical PharmacologyFluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P4501A2
370 Citations1993Kim Brøsen, Erik Skjelbo +3 more
The present study demonstrates that fluvoxamine is a very potent inhibitor of the high-affinity O-deethylation of phenacetin, which is catalysed by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2), in microsomes from three human livers.
Archives of General PsychiatryProspective Study of Postpartum Blues
345 Citations1991Michael W. O’Hara
The hypothesis that the postpartum blues is within the spectrum of affective disorders is supported, and personal and family history of depression, social adjustment, stressful life events, and levels of free and total estriol are predicted.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Lifetime History of Major Depression in Women
325 Citations1993Kenneth S. Kendler
Reliability of LTH of MD was modest, and was predicted by the number of depressive symptoms, treatment seeking, number of episodes, and degree of impairment, and from an "index of caseness" from these predictors, the estimated heritability was greater for more restrictive definitions.
Clinical PharmacokineticsClinical Pharmacokinetics of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
306 Citations1993J. Van Harten
No convincing evidence exists of a relationship between plasma concentrations of any of the SSRIs and clinical efficacy, and available data indicate that metabolism ofSSRIs is impaired with reduced liver function.
Psychological MedicineRecognition, management and outcome of psychological disorders in primary care: a naturalistic follow-up study
293 Citations1990Johan Ormel, Wim van den Brink +5 more
Recognized cases were more likely to receive mental health interventions from their GP and had better outcomes in terms of both psychopathology and social functioning and initial severity, psychological reasons for encounter, recency of onset, diagnostic category, and psychiatric comorbidity were related to both better recognition and outcome.
Journal of Health and Social BehaviorAge and the Gender Gap in Depression
290 Citations1996John Mirowsky
This paper tests the hypothesis that the gender gap in depression grows in adulthood as women and men enter and undergo their unequal adult statuses and analyses of three data sets support the three component hypotheses.
Biological PsychiatryEstrogen, serotonin, and mood disturbance: where is the therapeutic bridge?
279 Citations1998Hadine Joffe, Lee S. Cohen
American Journal of PsychiatryGender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropic medication
263 Citations1992Kimberly A. Yonkers, Judith C. Kando +2 more
Too little basic and clinical research has been conducted on sex differences in therapeutic effects and side effects of psychopharmacological treatments, and addressing these differences as well as similarities will lead to safer and more effective treatment for all patients.
JAMAPharmacologic Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy
249 Citations1999Katherine L. Wisner
To identify risk factors associated with treatment of major depression during pregnancy to help physicians develop treatment plans that optimize clinical care, prospective studies published since 1993 were selected.
JAMASymptomatic Improvement of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder With Sertraline Treatment
239 Citations1997Kimberly A. Yonkers
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline are useful therapeutic options for women with premenstrual dysphoria as reflected by symptomatic improvement and change in reported functional impairment.
PubMedGender differences in depression: implications for treatment.
237 Citations1997Susan G. Kornstein
Current knowledge of gender differences in depression is reviewed and recommendations for gender-specific assessment and treatment of depression are presented.
PubMedDepression during pregnancy and the puerperium.
231 Citations1997Alexis Llewellyn, Zachary N. Stowe +1 more
American Journal of PsychiatryUse of minor tranquilizers and antidepressant medications by depressed outpatients: results from the medical outcomes study
225 Citations1994Kenneth B. Wells, Wayne Katon +2 more
Use of antidepressant medications among patients of nonphysicians was unrelated to the level of psychological sickness, suggesting the need for more cooperation among provider groups.
PubMedCourse of mood and anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
214 Citations1998Lori L. Altshuler, Victoria Hendrick +1 more
Pregnancy appears to exacerbate symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, while panic disorder patients may remain well after discontinuing medication, and future studies should address the prevalence and relapse rates of mood and anxiety disorders, particularly after medication discontinuation, among pregnant women.
Psychiatric ServicesUse of Electroconvulsive Therapy During Pregnancy
211 Citations1994Laura J. Miller
Electroconvulsive therapy is a relatively safe and effective treatment during pregnancy if steps are taken to decrease potential risks.
American Journal of PsychiatryAntidepressant treatment during breast-feeding
203 Citations1996Katherine L. Wisner, J M Perel +1 more
The collective serum level data suggest that infants older than 10 weeks are at low risk for adverse effects of tricyclics, and there is no evidence of accumulation.
American Journal of Psychiatry12-month outcome of patients with major depression and comorbid psychiatric or medical illness (compound depression)
187 Citations1991Gabor I. Keitner, Christine E. Ryan +3 more
Compound depression is a common clinical occurrence, the course of illness is more difficult for Patients with compound depression than for patients with pure depression, and the recovery rate of patients with compounds depression is lower than that of patientsWith pure depression.
PubMedPsychotropic drug use during pregnancy: weighing the risks.
170 Citations1998Lee S. Cohen, Jerrold F. Rosenbaum
Although psychotropic drugs have not been tested or approved for use during pregnancy, some women continue to take these medications while they are pregnant, particularly since mood and anxiety disorders cluster in women during childbearing years.
Clinical PharmacokineticsPhysiological Changes During the Menstrual Cycle and Their Effects on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Drugs
166 Citations1998Angela D. M. Kashuba, Anne N. Nafziger
Hormonal fluctuations within the menstrual cycle have been postulated to cause disease exacerbation and may also worsen disease severity by impacting on the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of the medication.
JAMASymptomatic improvement of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with sertraline treatment. A randomized controlled trial. Sertraline Premenstrual Dysphoric Collaborative Study Group
166 Citations1997Kimberly A. Yonkers
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as sertraline are useful therapeutic options for women with premenstrual dysphoria as reflected by symptomatic improvement and change in reported functional impairment.
American Journal of PsychiatryLate luteal phase dysphoric disorder in young women
163 Citations1990Ana Rivera-Tovar, Ellen Frank
Compared to 25 young women seeking treatment for PMS who met the same diagnostic criteria, the 10 women from the university sample reported significantly less fatigue and impaired concentration and somewhat less severe depression and overall symptoms.
Journal of Clinical EpidemiologyThe epidemiology of premenstrual symptoms in A population-based sample of 2650 urban women: Attributable risk and risk factors
162 Citations1992Savitri Ramcharan, Edgar J. Love +2 more
It is concluded that premenstrual distress is a discrete mood disorder, affecting women aged 25-35 years, with probable ovulatory cycles, and vulnerable to stress; and that the risk of affective symptoms attributable to the pre menstrual state was one percent.
Psychological MedicineThe development and validation of a predictive index for postpartum depression
161 Citations1996Peter Cooper, Lynne Murray +2 more
The index offers a system for the prediction of postpartum depression that could be of use in both research and clinical practice.
PubMedAbecarnil for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled comparison of two dosage ranges of abecarnil and buspirone.
158 Citations1997Kimberly A. Yonkers, J J Worthington +3 more
There is an overlap in the symptoms experienced by women with PMDD and patients with other mood disorders, and some but not all antidepressants are effective in the treatment of PMDD.
The International Journal of Psychiatry in MedicinePsychologic Distress during Menopause: Associations across the Reproductive Life Cycle
158 Citations1993Donna E. Stewart, Katherine Boydell
Findings corroborate other recent studies showing that women who suffer from affective disorders following one reproductive event are more vulnerable to recurrences associated with others and clinics should inquire about possible relationships between previous depression or psychologic distress and reproductive cycle events.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseGender Differences in the Clinical Features of Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder
152 Citations1990Michael A. Young, William A. Scheftner +2 more
Gender differences in the presence or absence and the severity of forty-seven clinician rated features of depression were examined, indicating that, although the rate of major depressive disorder is greater in women, its symptomatology is relatively homogeneous with regard to gender.
Clinical PharmacokineticsPharmacokinetics of Sertraline and its N-Demethyl Metabolite in Elderly and Young Male and Female Volunteers
149 Citations1997Robert A. Ronfeld, Larry M. Tremaine +1 more
The terminal elimination half-life of sertraline was similar in young females, elderly males and elderly females and the mean steady-state area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hours postdose (AUC24), but were approximately 25% lower in the young males.
The British Journal of PsychiatryDepression in Women
136 Citations1991Eugene S. Paykel
Depression in treated samples shows an approximately 2:1 female predominance, and epidemiological studies indicate that much of the excess occurs in married women aged 25–45 years with children, which suggests social causation and highlights the vulnerable situation of young mothers.
The British Journal of PsychiatryPsychiatric Aspects of the Menopause
131 Citations1990Claire Ballinger
General population studies show that, if at all, psychiatric morbidity is more common in women in the five years before menopause, and Sociocultural and family factors are more important in the aetiology of mental illness in menopausal women than physiological changes.
Journal of Marriage and the FamilySignificant Life Experiences and Depression among Single and Married Mothers
131 Citations1997Lorraine Davies, William R. Avison +1 more
Clinical Pharmacology & TherapeuticsTrazodone kinetics: Effect of age, gender, and obesity
127 Citations1987David J. Greenblatt, H. Friedman +7 more
Reduced clearance of trazodone among elderly men may indicate a need for dosage reduction during chronic therapy, and choice of dosage during chronic treatment should be based on ideal rather than total body weight.
Annals of PharmacotherapyGender Differences in Depression and Antidepressant Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Events
122 Citations2000Edyta J Frackiewicz, John J. Sramek +1 more
Clinicians should be aware that potential differences in antidepressant pharmacokinetics may exist, and a dosage adjustment may be necessary for women to ensure a favorable drug response, compliance, and decreased incidence of adverse events.
PubMedGender differences in presentation of chronic major depression.
118 Citations1995Kornstein Sg, Schatzberg Af +5 more
Symptom comparisons revealed that women experience more psychomotor retardation than men, and women reported increased functional impairment on the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report (SAS-SR), particularly in the areas of marital and family adjustment.
American Journal of PsychiatryGender, type of treatment, dysfunctional attitudes, social support, life events, and depressive symptoms over naturalistic follow-up
117 Citations1996Caron Zlotnick, M. Tracie Shea +3 more
The study demonstrated that life events and social support were related to severity of depressive symptoms for both genders, and findings do not support a different process in outcome of illness for men and women.
American Journal of PsychiatryTricyclic dose requirements across pregnancy
116 Citations1993Katherine L. Wisner, James M. Perel +1 more
The authors found that the doses of tricyclic antidepressants required to achieve remission of symptoms and adequate serum levels increased during the second half of pregnancy.
Journal of Clinical PsychopharmacologyEffects of Third Trimester Fluoxetine Exposure on the Newborn
115 Citations1995D. Goldstein
It is unlikely that maternal fluoxetine use during the third trimester results in significant postnatal complications, and reported rates from the National Hospital Discharge Survey are likely to be low.
Psychiatric ServicesPrevention of Recurrent Postpartum Major Depression
114 Citations1994Katherine L. Wisner, Susan B. Wheeler
Prophylactic antidepressant treatment reduced the recurrence of postpartum major depression among women who had suffered a previous episode of post partum depression.
Archives of General PsychiatryFirst-Episode Major Depression
105 Citations1997H. Blair Simpson
There were few significant sex differences in the course of major depressive disorder in this study population, and there was no evidence for a more chronic course of depression in women.
Archives of General PsychiatryA Longitudinal Study of the Prevalence of Depressive Symptomatology in Elderly Widowed and Married Women
105 Citations1991Sioḃán D. Harlow
Widows were more depressed than their married controls at every interview, including baseline, and the natural history of changes in depressive symptomatology after widowhood was described using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Journal of Clinical PsychopharmacologyHuman Cytochromes and Some Newer Antidepressants: Kinetics, Metabolism, and Drug Interactions
100 Citations1999David J. Greenblatt, Lisa L. von Moltke +2 more
The metabolic profiles of some newer antidepressants, the clinical implications of metabolic properties, and research methodology that can be applied in determining which specific human cytochromes P450 (CYP) mediate metabolic pathways are reviewed.
Annals of PharmacotherapyGender Differences in Depression and Antidepressant Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Events
91 Citations2000Edyta J. Frackiewicz, John J. Sramek +1 more
Comprehensive PsychiatryDepressions of bereavement
81 Citations1989Selby Jacobs, Frida Richter Hansen +3 more
The study confirmed the existing literature on the high rate of depressions at 6 months and 12 months after loss of a spouse and found that these depressions were more common in widows than widowers and more precisely reflected the true rate of depression as determined in a subsample.
PubMedA double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two dose ranges of nefazodone in the treatment of depressed outpatients.
76 Citations1995J. Mendels, F Reimherr +4 more
The findings of this study indicate that nefazodone is an effective and well-tolerated antidepressant drug, with a recommended therapeutic dose range of 100 to 600 mg/day and a starting dose of 100 mg b.i.d.
Psychological MedicineThe impact of widowhood on depression: findings from a prospective survey
68 Citations1999Katherine B. Carnelley, Camille B. Wortman +1 more
DepressionPregnant or depressed? The effect of overlap between symptoms of depression and somatic complaints of pregnancy on rates of major depression in the second trimester
59 Citations1994Marjorie H. Klein, Marilyn J. Essex
It is speculated that the overlap between symptoms of depression and complaints associated with pregnancy may bias estimates of depression in studies of women of childbearing age.
Journal of Affective DisordersGender differences in Axis I comorbidity among depressed outpatients
58 Citations1996Maurizio Fava
Women were significantly more likely than men to meet criteria for comorbid bulimia nervosa and for simple phobia, while men were significantlyMore likely than women to met criteria for lifetime history of alcohol abuse/dependence and other substance abuse/Dependence.
Psychiatry ResearchGender-specific mechanisms associated with outcome of depression: perception of emotions, coping and interpersonal functioning
51 Citations1999Antoinette L. Bouhuys, Erwin Geerts +1 more
A propensity to perceive negative facial expressions may underlie the unfavourable course of depression, especially among women, and cognitions, coping strategies, and interpersonal functioning would be more likely to contribute to the prediction of outcome of depression among women than among men.
American Journal of Public HealthMind matters: the importance of mental disorders in public health's 21st century mission.
51 Citations1999Richard Neugebauer
Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug TherapyEffects of Age and Gender on Venlafaxine and <i>O</i>‐Desmethylvenlafaxine Pharmacokinetics
47 Citations1996Karen J. Klamerus, Vernon D. Parker +3 more
It is concluded that venlafaxine dosage adjustments for age or gender are not necessary based on pharmacokinetics, and AUC* was linear between doses and age groups.
Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug TherapyCitalopram in the Treatment of Depression and Other Potential Uses in Psychiatry
46 Citations1999Jennifer Y. Tan, Gary M. Levin
Citalopram is the newest SSRI to be marketed in the United States and is the most selective for serotonin reuptake pump, of all SSRIs on the market, and was evident in both placebo‐controlled and comparator trials.
PubMedGender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of psychotropics: focus on women.
46 Citations1991Karon Dawkins, Potter Wz
The most compelling gender differences stem from data on research probes utilized to better understand psychiatric disease processes, and the implications for women as psychoactive drug consumers are discussed.
Therapeutic Drug MonitoringNonlinear Pharmacokinetics of Fluvoxamine and Gender Differences
42 Citations1998Sebastian Härtter, Herman Wetzel +3 more
Evidence is provided of nonlinear, sex-dependent pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine, which was prescribed to patients who met the DSM-III-R criteria for major depression under two different fixed doses.
DepressionGender differences in seasonal affective disorder
40 Citations1995Ellen Leibenluft, Todd Hardin +1 more
Male and female SAD patients did not differ in clinician-rated symptoms or in their response to phototherapy, however, on self-report scales, men reported more severe illness, while women reported more carbohydrate craving, a greater percentage increase in weight, and more hours of sleep per night in the winter.
PubMedCytochrome P450 3A4 activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, based on 6-beta-hydroxycortisol:cortisol ratios.
32 Citations1999Aaron H. Burstein, William Reiss +2 more
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and ExperimentalA review of the safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during pregnancy
19 Citations1999D. Goldstein, Karen Sundell
The substantial clinical experience with fluoxetine‐exposed pregnancies and the preliminary data regarding other SSRIs is reassuring when considering depression treatment for women of child‐bearing potential.
Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug TherapyHow To Counsel Patients About Depression and Its Treatment
18 Citations1995Glen L. Stimmel
Appropriate counseling should focus on the possible consequences of drinking while taking antidepressant drugs, with the focus on common, expectable effects of the particular drug.
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996)Psychiatric Disorders in Women: Psychopharmacologic Treatments
14 Citations1997Martha P. Fankhauser
An understanding of the impact of physiologic, hormonal, and neurotransmitter changes associated with different life phases should provide valuable insight into the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders in women and gender differences in psychopharmacology.
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyAdvances in the management of depression: Implications for the obstetrician/gynecologist
6 Citations1995Anthony J. Rothschild
The selection of an appropriate medication is important for successfully treating depression in women and factors affecting selection of a particular antidepressant, as well as the general management of depression in men, are discussed.
…