Models of capitalism

Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Robert Boyer & Yves Saillard (eds), Théorie de la régulation: L'état des savoirs (La Découverte, 1995). 2. Andrew Shonfield, Modern Capitalism (Oxford University Press, 1964). 3. Colin Crouch, Capitalist Diversity and Change: Recombinant Governance and Institutional Entrepreneurs (Oxford University Press, 2005). 4. Robert Boyer, ‘The variety and unequal performances of really existing markets: farewell to Doctor Pangloss?’ in: J. Rogers Hollingsworth & Robert Boyer (eds), Contemporary Capitalism: The Embeddedness of Institutions (Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp. 55–93. 5. Michel Albert, Capitalisme contre capitalisme (Seuil, 1991). 6. It has become routine to use the term ‘Anglo-Saxon’ here, but it is problematic. It was developed originally to group together the collection of peoples of English, German and Scandinavian origin who inhabited England on the eve of the Norman invasion of 1066; it served to contrast them with both the French-speaking (though originally Scandinavian) invaders and the Celtic inhabitants of other parts of the British Isles. Such a term became useful over 800 years later to distinguish the British and other northern European (and by now primarily Protestant) inhabitants of the late 19th century US from more recent Latin-language-speaking and Irish immigrants, and by extension also from Poles and other Catholics as well as from black people and Jews. Its contemporary use by academic social scientists, as well as international organisations like the OECD, seems not only blithely ignorant of these connotations, but also commits the solipsism of using it mainly as a contrast with Germany – which includes the Saxon half of the mythical Anglo-Saxon identity. Its contemporary use also normally includes Ireland – a people explicitly excluded from both the original and subsequent US terms. It is, in fact, used entirely consistently to identify that group of countries where English is the dominant language and the majority population is white-skinned: the UK, Ireland, the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The correct, unambiguous term, which precisely identifies this group of countries is ‘Anglophone’, and one wonders why this clear and accurate term is not used instead of the more popular, exotic but highly dubious alternative. To insist on this point is not pedantry, but draws our attention to certain possible implications of the fact that the economics literature which finds it far easier to make sense of the Anglophone economies than others is itself almost solely Anglophone. 7. John L. Campbell & Ove K. Pedersen, ‘The second movement in institutional analysis’, in: John L. Campbell & Ove K. Pedersen (eds), The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis (Princeton University Press, 2001), pp. 249–82; and David Coates, Models of Capitalism: Growth and Stagnation in the Modern Era (Polity, 2000). 8. Coates, Models of Capitalism. 9. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, The Jobs Study (OECD, 1994). 10. Bruno Amable, ‘Institutional Complementarity and Diversity of Social Systems of Innovation and Production’, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2000), pp. 645–87. 11. Campbell & Pedersen, ‘The second movement in institutional analysis’. 12. Peter Kjær & Ove Pedersen, ‘Translating liberalization: neoliberalism in the Danish negotiated economy’, in: Campbell & Pedersen, The Rise of Neoliberalism and Institutional Analysis, pp. 219–48. 13. Desmond King & Stuart Wood, The political economy of neoliberalism: Britain and the United States in the 1980s' in: Herbert Kitschelt, Peter Lange, Gary Marks & John Stephens (eds), Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism (Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 371–97. 14. Peter A. Hall & David Soskice (eds), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage (Oxford University Press, 2001). 15. Peter Hall & David Soskice, ‘Introduction’, in: Hall & Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism, pp. 36–44. 16. Maria Estevez-Abe, Torben Iversen & David Soskice, ‘Social protection and the formation of skills: a reinterpretation of the welfare state’, in: Hall & Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism, pp. 174–5. 17. Ibid., p. 175. 18. Jonathan Zeitlin, ‘Introduction: governing work and welfare in a new economy: European and American experiments’, in: Jonathan Zeitlin & David Trubek (eds), Governing Work and Welfare in a New Economy: European and American Experiments (Oxford University Press), 2003, pp. 1–30; M. Bertoldi, ‘Varietà e dinamiche del capitalismo’, Stato e Mercato, No. 69 (2003), pp. 365–83; and Colin Hay, ‘Common trajectories, variable paces, divergent outcomes? Models of European capitalism under conditions of complex economic interdependence’, unpublished paper delivered to Conference of Europeanists, Chicago, March 2002. 19. Bruno Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism (Oxford University Press, 2003), ch. 5; and C. Berggren & S. Laestadius, The Embeddedness of Industrial Clusters: The Strength of the Path in the Nordic Telecom System (Kungl. Tekniska Högskolan, 2000). 20. Robert Boyer, ‘New Growth Regimes, but still Institutional Diversity’, Socio-Economic Review, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2004), pp. 1–32; and Robert Boyer, The Future of Economic Growth: As New Becomes Old (Edward Elgar, 2004). 21. Charles Ragin, Fuzzy-set Social Science (University of Chicago Press, 2000). 22. Hall & Soskice, ‘Introduction’, p. 9. 23. Ibid., p. 34. 24. David Soskice, ‘Divergent production regimes: coordinated and uncoordinated market economies in the 1980s and 1990s’, in: Kitschelt et al., Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, pp. 101–34. 25. Hall & Soskice, ‘Introduction’, p. 35. 26. Kathleen Thelen, ‘Varieties of labor politics in the developed democracies’, in: Hall & Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism, pp. 71–103. 27. David Soskice, ‘Wage Determination: The Changing Role of Institutions in Advanced Industrialized Countries’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 6, No. 4 (1990), pp. 36–61; and Lars Calmfors & John Driffill, ‘Bargaining Structure, Corporatism and Macroeconomic Performance’, Economic Policy, Vol. 3, No. 1 (1988), pp. 13–61. 28. Vivien Schmidt, The Futures of European Capitalism (Oxford University Press, 2002). 29. Ibid., ch. 2. 30. Gøsta Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Polity, 1990). 31. Frank G. Castles & D. Mitchell, Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism or Four?, Working Paper No. 63, Luxembourg Income Study, Luxembourg, 1991; Mary Daly, ‘A fine balance: women's labour market participation in international comparison’, in: Fritz Scharpf & Vivien Schmidt (eds), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy, Volume 11: Diverse Responses to Common Challenges (Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 467–510; Manuela Naldini, Evolution of Social Policy and the Institutional Definition of Family Models: The Italian and Spanish Cases in Historical and Comparative Perspective, unpublished PhD thesis, European University Institute. Florence, 1999; Maurizio Ferrera, Le trappole del welfare (II Mulino, 1997); Bernhard Ebbinghaus, ‘When labour and capital collude: the political economy of early retirement in Europe, Japan and the USA’, in: Berchard Ebbinghaus & Philip Manow (eds), Comparing Welfare Capitalism: Social Policy and Political Economy in Europe, Japan and the USA (Routledge, 2001), pp. 76–101; and Elke Viebrock, The Role of Trade Unions as Intermediary Institutions in Unemployment Insurance: A European Comparison, unpublished PhD thesis, European University Institute, Florence, 2004. 32. Richard Whitley, Divergent Capitalisms (Oxford University Press, 1999). 33. Ibid., p. 42. 34. Ibid., p. 75. 35. Ibid., p. 84. 36. Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism. 37. Colin Crouch, Social Change in Western Europe (Oxford University Press, 1999). 38. Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism, ch. 6. 39. Ibid., p. 200. 40. W. R. Scott, Institutions and Organizations (Sage, 2001), ch. 9; and Hay, ‘Common trajectories, variable paces, divergent outcomes?’. 41. Colin Crouch, Patrick Le Galès, Carlo Trigilia & Helmut Voelzkow, Local Production Systems in Europe: Rise or Demise? (Oxford University Press, 2001). 42. Jerry Hage & Catherine Alter, ‘A typology of interorganizational relationships and networks’, in: Hollingsworth & Boyer, Contemporary Capitalism, pp. 94–126. 43. Crouch, Capitalist Diversity and Change, ch. 5. 44. Schmidt, The Futures of European Capitalism, ch. 4. 45. Gregory Jackson, ‘Varieties of capitalism: a review’, unpublished manuscript. 46. Maurizio Ferrera, Anton Hemerijck & Martin Rhodes, The Future of Social Europe: Recasting Work and Welfare in the New Economy, Report for the Portuguese Presidency of the European Union, Lisbon, 2000; Anton Hemerijck & Martin Schludi, ‘Sequences of policy failures and effective policy responses’, in: Fritz Scharpf & Vivien Schmidt (eds), Welfare and Work in the Open Economy. Volume I: From Vulnerability to Competitiveness (Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 125–228. 47. Zeitlin, ‘Introduction’; and Paul Windolf, Corporate Networks in Europe and the United States (Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 85. 48. Amable, ‘Institutional Complementarity and Diversity of Social Systems of Innovation and Production’; and Robert Boyer & Maurice Didier, Innovation et Croissance (La Documentation Française, 1998). 49. Christopher Freeman, ‘The National System of Innovation in Historical Perspective’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1995), pp. 5–24; Bengt-Åke Lundvall (ed.), National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning (Pinter, 1992); and Robert R. Nelson, National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis (Oxford University Press, 1993). 50. Colin Crouch, ‘Breaking open black boxes: the implications for sociological theory of European integration’, in: Anand Menon & Vincent Wright (eds), From the Nation State to Europe? Essays in Honour of Jack Hayward (Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 195–213. 51. Susan Cotts Watkins, From Provinces into Nations: Demographic Integration in Western Europe 1870-1960 (Princeton University Press, 1991); Andres Rodríguez-Pose, Dynamics of Regional Growth in Europe: Social and Political Factors (Oxford University Press, 1998); Andres Rodríguez-Pose, ‘Convergence or Divergence? Types of Regional Responses to Socio-Economic Change in Western Europe’, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Vol. 90, No. 4 (1999), pp. 363–78. 52. Hugh Radice, ‘Globalization and National Capitalisms: Theorizing Convergence and Differentiation’, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 7, No. 4 (2000), pp. 719–42. 53. Hall & Soskice, ‘Introduction’, pp. 54–60; Whitley, Divergent Capitalisms, ch. 5; and Paul Hirst & Grahame Thompson, ‘Globalization in question: international economic relations and forms of public governance’, in: Hollingsworth & Boyer, Contemporary Capitalism, pp. 337–61. 54. J. Beyer, ‘One best way’ oder Varietät? Strategischer und organisatorischer Wandel von Großunternehmen im Prozess der Internationalisierung', MPIfG Discussion Paper 01/2, Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Cologne, 2001. 55. Jackson, ‘Varieties of Capitalism’. 56. Hugh Radice, ‘“Globalization” and National Differences’, Competition and Change, Vol. 3, No. 3 (1998), p. 263–91. 57. Ibid., pp. 274–5. 58. Eric Helleiner, States and the Reemergence of Global Finance (Cornell University Press, 1994). 59. Radice, ‘“Globalization” and National Differences’, pp. 273–4. 60. T. K. Hopkins & Immanuel Wallerstein, World-systems Analysis: Theory and Methodology (Sage, 1982). 61. Scott, Institutions and Organizations, p. 83. 62. J. Rogers Hollingsworth & Robert Boyer, ‘Introduction’, in: Hollingsworth & Boyer, Contemporary Capitalism, p. 4. 63. Robert Goodin, B. Headey, R. Muffels & H.-J. Dirven, The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Cambridge University Press, 1999). 64. J. Rogers Hollingsworth, ‘Continuities and changes in social systems of production: the cases of Japan, Germany, and the United States’, in: Hollingsworth & Boyer, Contemporary Capitalism, p. 268. 65. Amable, The Diversity of Modern Capitalism; Glenn Morgan, Richard Whitley & Eli Moen (eds), Changing Capitalisms? Complementarities, Contradictions and Capability Development in an International Context (Oxford University Press, 2005); Wolfgang Streeck & Kathleen Thelen (eds), Change and Discontinuity in Institutional Analysis: Explorations in the Dynamics of Advanced Political Economies (Oxford University Press, 2005); Wolfgang Streeck & K. Yamamura (eds), The Origins of Nonliberal Capitalism: Germany and Japan in Comparison (Cornell University Press, 200l); and K. Yamamura & Wolfgang Streeck (eds), The End of Diversity? Prospects for German and Japanese Capitalism (Cornell University Press, 2003).