Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer hypothesis.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyPublished 1 March 1995
Mark R. Leary, Ellen Tambor, Sonja K. Terdal, Deborah L. Downs
Citations2,338
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score3.87
SNIP3.12
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
Five studies tested hypotheses derived from the sociometer model of self-esteem according to which the self-esteem system monitors others' reactions and alerts the individual to the possibility of social exclusion. Study 1 showed that the effects of events on participants' state self-esteem parallel
Keywords
Psychology
Princeton University Press eBooksSociety and the Adolescent Self-Image
29,221 Citations1965Morris Rosenberg
Psychological BulletinThe need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
21,477 Citations1995Roy F. Baumeister, Mark R. Leary
Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation, and people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds.
Motivation and Personality
15,228 Citations1997
Perspectives on Sexuality Sex Research - an Overview Part 1.
Advances in Behaviour Research and TherapySelf-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change
10,500 Citations1978Albert Bandura
Psychological BulletinIllusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health.
7,604 Citations1988Shelley E. Taylor, Jonathon D. Brown
Research suggesting that certain illusions may be adaptive for mental health and well-being is reviewed, examining evidence that a set of interrelated positive illusions—namely, unrealistically positive self-evaluations, exaggerated perceptions of control or mastery, and unrealistic optimism—can serve a wide variety of cognitive, affective, and social functions.
Human Nature and the Social Order
4,846 Citations2017Charles Horton Cooley
UMI Books on DemandReview of personality and social psychology
3,651 Citations1980Ladd Wheeler, Phillip Shaver
Advances in experimental social psychologyThe Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the Integrity of the Self
3,613 Citations1988Claude M. Steele
American PsychologistAttachments beyond infancy.
3,016 Citations1989Mary S. Ainsworth
Attachment theory is extended to pertain to developmental changes in the nature of children's attachments to parents and surrogate figures during the years beyond infancy, and to thenature of other affectional bonds throughout the life cycle.
Psychological BulletinDownward comparison principles in social psychology.
2,635 Citations1981Thomas A. Wills
Attention and Self-Regulation : A Control-Theory Approach to Human Behavior
2,612 Citations1981Charles S. Carver, Michael F. Scheier
The Causes and Consequences of a Need for Self-Esteem: A Terror Management Theory
2,305 Citations1986Jeff Greenberg, Tom Pyszczynski +1 more
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyDevelopment and validation of a scale for measuring state self-esteem.
1,904 Citations1991Todd F. Heatherton, Janet Polivy
Contemporary Sociology A Journal of ReviewsLoneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy.
1,414 Citations1984Howard M. Bahr, Letitia Anne Peplau +1 more
The Neurotic Personality Of Our Time
937 Citations2013Karen Horney
Personality and Social Psychology BulletinExplaining Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Perspective
877 Citations1991Alice H. Eagly, Wendy Wood
Psychology of Group Influence
863 Citations1981Paul B. Paulus
Public Self and Private Self
847 Citations1986Roy F. Baumeister
Personality and Social Psychology BulletinControl of Attributions about the Self Through Self-handicapping Strategies: The Appeal of Alcohol and the Role of Underachievement
827 Citations1978EDWARD E. JONES, Steven Berglas
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyWhy do people need self-esteem? Converging evidence that self-esteem serves an anxiety-buffering function.
826 Citations1992Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon +6 more
Converging evidence of an anxiety-buffering function of self-esteem was obtained and success and positive personality feedback reduced Ss' physiological arousal in response to subsequent threat of shock.
Causes and Consequences of Low Self-Esteem in Children and Adolescents
811 Citations1993Susan Harter
Journal of Social and Clinical PsychologyPoint-Counterpoints: Anxiety and Social Exclusion
744 Citations1990Roy F. Baumeister, Dianne M. Tice
Journal of Social and Clinical PsychologyResponses to Social Exclusion: Social Anxiety, Jealousy, Loneliness, Depression, and Low Self-Esteem
661 Citations1990Mark R. Leary
Efficacy, Agency, and Self-Esteem
540 Citations1995Michael H. Kernis
Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Biases in Reactions to Positive and Negative Events: An Integrative Review
462 Citations1993Bruce Blaine, Jennifer Crocker
Psychological BulletinSelf- and interpersonal evaluations: Esteem theories versus consistency theories.
418 Citations1973Stephen C. Jones
It is observed that cognitive consistency theories may be somewhat overworked as explanatory frameworks for the study of social evaluations and that people typically talk more during social evaluations.
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologyImpact of causal attributions on affective reactions to success and failure.
333 Citations1982Cathy McFarland, Michael G. Ross
Journal of Personality and Social PsychologySalient private audiences and awareness of the self.
302 Citations1987Mark W. Baldwin, John G. Holmes
Medical Entomology and ZoologyUnderstanding Social Anxiety: Social, Personality, and Clinical Perspectives
222 Citations1983Mark R. Leary
Contemporary Sociology A Journal of ReviewsThe Social Importance of Self-Esteem.
220 Citations1991Howard B. Kaplan, Andrew M. Mecca +2 more
American Psychological Association eBooksSelf-esteem: Paradoxes and innovations in clinical theory and practice.
219 Citations1989Richard L. Bednar, M. Gawain Wells +1 more
Journal of PersonalityOn the Nature of Embarrassabllity: Shyness, Social Evaluation, and Social Skill
193 Citations1995Rowland S. Miller
The data best support a social-evaluation model of embarrassment and argue that embarrassability is linked to the appropriateness of social behavior, and shyness to its effectiveness.
Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation: Feeling is Believing
193 Citations2014Jonathon D. Brown
Journal of PersonalityOn knowing when to quit: Task failure, self‐esteem, advice, and nonproductive persistence
189 Citations1984Dean B. McFarlin, Roy F. Baumeister +1 more
Clinical Psychology ReviewSelf-esteem: The puzzle of low self-regard
168 Citations1994David W. Harder
The Roles of Stability and Level of Self-Esteem in Psychological Functioning
163 Citations1993Michael H. Kernis
The Journal of PsychologyLoneliness, Self-Concept, and Adjustment
128 Citations1981Ruth Ann Goswick, Warren H. Jones
Journal of PersonalityOn the Nature of Public and Private Self‐Consciousness
122 Citations1987Allan Fenigstein
Self-Esteem, Self-Prediction, and Living up to Commitments
52 Citations1993Todd F. Heatherton, Nalini Ambady
A Model of the Determinants and Mediational Role of Self-Worth: Implications for Adolescent Depression and Suicidal Ideation
42 Citations1991Susan Harter, Donna B. Marold
