Psychological Stress and the Human Immune System: A Meta-Analytic Study of 30 Years of Inquiry.
Psychological BulletinPublished 1 January 2004Open access
Suzanne C. Segerstrom, Gregory E. Miller
Citations3,302
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The present report meta-analyzes more than 300 empirical articles describing a relationship between psychological stress and parameters of the immune system in human participants to find that physical vulnerability as a function of age or disease also increased vulnerability to immune change during stressors.
Abstract
The present report meta-analyzes more than 300 empirical articles describing a relationship between psychological stress and parameters of the immune system in human participants. Acute stressors (lasting minutes) were associated with potentially adaptive upregulation of some parameters of natural immunity and downregulation of some functions of specific immunity. Brief naturalistic stressors (such as exams) tended to suppress cellular immunity while preserving humoral immunity. Chronic stressors were associated with suppression of both cellular and humoral measures. Effects of event sequences varied according to the kind of event (trauma vs. loss). Subjective reports of stress generally did not associate with immune change. In some cases, physical vulnerability as a function of age or disease also increased vulnerability to immune change during stressors.
Keywords
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Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesStress‐Induced Neuroendocrine Modulation of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunity<sup>a</sup>
146 Citations1998John F. Sheridan, Cathleen M. Dobbs +5 more
Physical restraint was used to examine the interactions among the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathetic nervous system, and the immune response to infection to support the concept of tissue‐specific immunoregulation in response to stress.
NeuropsychobiologyThe Effects of Psychological Stress on Leukocyte Subset Distribution in Humans: Evidence of Immune Activation
145 Citations1999Michaël Maes, Dirk R. Van Bockstaele +7 more
The results suggest that academic examination stress induces changes in the distribution of PBMC, which indicate immune activation and which are probably orchestrated by a stress-induced production of cytokines.
Psychosomatic MedicineCardiovascular reactivity and the course of immune response to an acute psychological stressor.
144 Citations1994Tracy B. Herbert, Sheldon Cohen +5 more
Results are consistent with the hypothesis that sympathetic activation mediates stressor‐induced quantitative alterations of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and nonspecific mitogen stimulated proliferation.
Health PsychologyStress and the memory T-cell response to the Epstein-Barr virus in healthy medical students.
142 Citations1993Ronald Glaser, Gary R. Pearson +3 more
The proliferative response to 5 of the 6 EBV polypeptides significantly decreased during examinations, providing further evidence that psychological stress can modulate the cellular immune response to latent EBV.
Psychosomatic MedicinePsychological and immunological predictors of genital herpes recurrence.
140 Citations1989Margaret E. Kemeny, F Cohen +2 more
A model is proposed linking depressive mood, CD8+ cells, and HSV recurrence, and subjects with high levels of depressive mood who did not report many symptoms of other infections had a higher rate of HSV Recurrence.
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