Mechanism of protein biosynthesis
Bacteriological ReviewsPublished 1 June 1969Open access
Péter Lengyel, Dieter Söll
Citations202
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TL;DR
280 Possible Involvement of fMet-tRNAF in the Regulation of RNA Synthesis........... 280 Peptide Chain Initiation Various Organisms................................... 281 Procaryotic cells................................................................. 281 Eucaryotic Cells......................................................... 281 PEPTlDE CHAIN ELONGATION............................................ 281 Elongation Factors....................................................... 281 process of elongation........................................................ 282 Outline of the steps in elongation
Keywords
Materials ScienceBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
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380 Citations1968Edward M. Scolnick, Richard K. Tompkins +2 more
In a previous paper, initiator and terminator trinucleotides were shown to stimulate sequentially the binding of f-Met-tRNA to ribosomes and the release of free f-methionine from the ribosomal intermediate.
Journal of Molecular BiologyThe puromycin reaction and its relation to protein synthesis
365 Citations1964Robert R. Traut, R.E. Monro
It appears that the ribosomes can exist in two states, one which does and another which does not require added supernatant fraction and the GTP system in order to react with puromycin, suggesting that chloramphenicol acts by inhibition of the peptide-forming enzyme.
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352 Citations1966Philip Leder, H. Bursztyn
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Bacterial sRNA has been fractionated into two methionine-accepting species, only one of which could be formylated, and the analysis of this polypeptide product identified methionines in internal positions.
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This paper aims to provide a history of nucleotides, amino acid residues in polypeptide chains, etc., and some examples of how these residues have changed over time have changed in the history of science.
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16French, C. S., and H. H. Halvorson, in Methods of Enzymology (New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1956), vol.
Journal of Molecular BiologyOn the release of the formyl group from nascent protein
294 Citations1968Jerry M. Adams
It is argued that the function of the peptide deformylases is to remove the formyl group from nascent protein, which is quite labile under a variety of experimental conditions and is inhibited strongly by thiols.
BiochemistryThe isolation of specific transfer ribonucleic acids
279 Citations1968I.C. Gillam, Daphne. Blew +3 more
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275 Citations1967R.E. Monro
NatureNucleotide Sequence of 5S-ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli
271 Citations1967G.G. Brownlee, Frederick Sanger +1 more
Using a two-dimensional fractionation procedure for the separation of nucleotides labelled with phosphorus-32, the sequences of all the oligonucleotides obtained by complete digestion of 32P-labelled 5S RNA are determined and the unique sequence shown in Figs.
Journal of Molecular BiologyRibosome-catalysed reaction of puromycin with a formylmethionine-containing oligonucleotide
268 Citations1967R.E. Monro, Kjeld A. Marcker
Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology[3] Cell-free protein synthesis directed by messenger RNA
250 Citations1963Marshall W. Nirenberg
This chapter discusses the cell-free protein synthesis directed by messenger RNA, and it is found that optimal amounts of poly U or natural messenger RNA required for reaction mixtures may depend on the nuclease content of E. coli extracts.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesSTUDIES ON POLYNUCLEOTIDES, LXVIII <sup>*</sup> THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF YEAST PHENYLALANINE TRANSFER RNA
247 Citations1967Uttam L. RajBhandary, Sheng‐Fuh Chang +4 more
The present contains a brief account of the work leading to the elucidation of the nucleotide sequence of yeast phe-tRNA.
ScienceNucleotide Sequence of a Yeast Tyrosine Transfer RNA
247 Citations1966James T. Madison, George A. Everett +1 more
The evidence indicates that the sequence containing guanosine, pseudouridine, and adenosine in the middle of the polynucleotide chain is the anticodon.
Bacteriological ReviewsAntibiotic inhibitors of the bacterial ribosome.
245 Citations1968Bernard Weisblum, Julian Davies
This article corrects the article on p. 493 in vol.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCHARACTERIZATION OF A RIBOSOME-LINKED GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI EXTRACTS
244 Citations1964Thomas W. Conway, Fritz Lipmann
A chronology of key events and authors, as well as some of the main authors' letters, are published.
ScienceNucleotide Sequence of KB Cell 5 <i>S</i> RNA
240 Citations1967Bernard G. Forget, Sherman M. Weissman
The nucleotide sequence of 5S RNA derived from KB carcinoma cell ribosomes has been determined and is the first time the sequence of an animal-cell RNA has be determined.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsInvivo differentiation of yeast cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein synthesis with antibiotics
227 Citations1966G. D. Clark‐Walker, Anthony W. Linnane
Archives of Biochemistry and BiophysicsThe interrelationship between guanosine triphosphatase and amino acid polymerization
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The purified complement, the G factor of Nishizuka and Lipmann, and salt-washed ribosomes were, by themselves, virtually free of guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity, and by saturation with one component, GTP hydrolysis was linearly dependent upon the amount added of the other.
ScienceSuppression in vitro: Identification of a Serine-sRNA as a "Nonsense" Suppressor
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No functional coat protein of the bacteriophage is synthesized unless serine-accepting soluble RNA from the suppressor strain, Escherichia coli S26RIE, is present.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsMechanism of protein synthesis inhibition by fusidic acid and related antibiotics
214 Citations1968Nobuo Tanaka, Tadatoshi Kinoshita +1 more
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195 Citations1966Anne Norris Baldwin, Paul Berg
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The T. fluorescens polymerization factors were prepared by a modification of their method, and the streptomycin step was omitted, and also, because of unsatisfactory recoveries of T8 activity, the DEAE-cellulose step.
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180 Citations1966Richard Calendar, Paul Berg
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180 Citations1968Michael Wilcox, Marshall W. Nirenberg
Separate enzymes catalyze the acceptance of glutamic acid and glutamine by the corresponding species of transfer RNA (tRNA) from E. coli or mammalian liver.
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176 Citations1966Yasutomi Nishizuka, Fritz Lipmann
Polyphenylalanine synthesis measuring the incorporation of radioactivity into hot trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble material as described and the reaction was started by addition of the factor preparations.
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175 Citations1966EM Press, P. J. Piggot +1 more
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168 Citations1965Gerardo Suárez, Daniel Nathans
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The triplets AUG, GUG and GUA are concluded to be codons for the initiation of polypeptide chains by fmet-tRNAF.
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158 Citations1968Mark S. Bretscher
The whole process of peptide synthesis is catalysed by at least three enzymes and requires guanosine triphosphate (GTP)15,16.
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155 Citations1967Jean Lucas‐Lenard, Fritz Lipmann
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152 Citations1968C. Thomas Caskey, Richard K. Tompkins +3 more
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151 Citations1965Lia Eidlic, Frederick C. Neidhardt
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151 Citations1968M. Staehelin, H. Rogg +3 more
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Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesRibosome-catalyzed peptidyl transfer: substrate specificity at the P-site.
147 Citations1968R.E. Monro, J. Černá +1 more
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147 Citations1967Max E. Gottesman
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Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesTranslation of the genetic message: factors involved in the initiation of protein synthesis.
147 Citations1966W. M. Stanley, Margarita Salas +2 more
Aided by grants AM-01845, AM-08953, and FR-05399, this work is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service, and E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc.
Journal of Molecular BiologyRibosomal proteins of Escherichia coli II. Proteins from the 30 s subunit
146 Citations1968Peter B. Moore, Robert R. Traut +3 more
Thirteen proteins from the 30 s ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli have been obtained in purities between 80 and 95 and have been characterized by amino acid composition, sedimentation equilibrium molecular weight and tryptic fingerprint.
Journal of Molecular BiologyTranslation and translocation of defined RNA messengers
144 Citations1969Richard W. Erbe, Marion M. Nau +1 more
A purified system for protein synthesis, derived from Esherichia coli, makes use of small, synthetic mRNA's initiated by the fMet ‡ codon, AUG, followed by a sequence of 3, 6 or 9 uridylic acid residues, which direct the binding of fMet- and Phe-tRNA to ribosomes and the synthesis of the corresponding f Met-initiated di-, tri- and tetrapeptides.
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A number of studies indicate that N-formylmethionyl-tRNA (F-met-t RNAF)' is involved in initiation of protein synthesis in E. coli, and that the triplet for F-met -tRNAF, AUG (and possibly GUG and others), is the signal for chain initia-tion.
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142 Citations1967Erhard Stutz, Hans Noll
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BiochemistryN<sup>6</sup>-(Δ<sup>2</sup>-Isopentenyl)adenosine. A Component of the Transfer Ribonucleic Acid of Yeast and of Mammalian Tissue, Methods of Isolation, and Characterization<sup>*</sup>
139 Citations1967Morris J. Robins, Ross H. Hall +1 more
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137 Citations1966David F. Silbert, Gerald R. Fink +1 more
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137 Citations1967Samir K. Mitra, Alan H. Mehler
The arginyl transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) synthetase of Escherichia coli has been purified over 500-fold and has a pH optimum near 8 and does not react with amino acids that occur in proteins other than arginine, but the analogues homoarginine andCanavanine are competitive inhibitors, and canavanine can be esterified with tRNA.
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A icucial aspect of the specificity of protein synthesis resides in the selectivity of each arinioacyl IRNA synthetase for both almino acid and t- RNA, where the t-RNA molecules specific for isoleucine react differently with identical protein molecules coimplexed to isoleucyl or valyl adenylates.
Journal of Biological ChemistryMethionyl Soluble Ribonucleic Acid Transformylase
129 Citations1967Herbert W. Dickerman, Edward Steers +2 more
The N10-formyltetrahydrofolate:methionyl soluble ribonucleic acid transformylase has been purified over 1500-fold from Escherichia coli B and although not homogeneous at this stage, the enzyme was of sufficient purity to determine some physical characteristics.
Journal of Molecular BiologyProtein synthesis by cell-free extracts of tobacco leaves
127 Citations1966N.K. Boardman, R.I.B. Francki +1 more
It is concluded that the 70 s class of ribosomes is located in the chloroplasts and the 80 s class in the cytoplasm of young tobacco leaves, and inactivation does not seem to result from nuclease action, or deficiencies in sRNA and/or activating enzymes or messenger RNA.
Journal of Molecular BiologyStudies on polynucleotides
125 Citations1968Hans Kössel, Uttam L. RajBhandary
An enzymic activity which hydrolyzes N -acylaminoacyl-tRNA's to N -ACYlamino acids and tRNA, has been detected in crude extracts of Escherichia coli and shows the following properties.
European Journal of BiochemistryStudies on Methionyl Transfer RNA Synthetase
125 Citations1968F Lemoine, Jean‐Pierre Waller +1 more
Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsSelective modification of yeast seryl-t-RNA and its effect on the acceptance and binding functions
124 Citations1966Fritz Fittler, Ross H. Hall
Yeast seryl-t-RNA contains N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenosine adjacent to the presumed anticodon and this component can be selectively modified by treatment of the RNA with aqueous iodine.
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyIsolation of N<sup>6</sup>-(γ,γ-Dimethylallyl)adenosine from Soluble Ribonucleic Acid<sup>1</sup>
123 Citations1966Ross H. Hall, Morris J. Robins +2 more
NatureInitiation of Protein Synthesis : a Critical Test of the 30S Subunit Model
122 Citations1968Christine Guthrie, Michio Nomura
The formation of an initiation complex involving the 30S ribosomal subunit, F-met-tRNAF, and mRNA is an obligatory step in the Initiation of protein synthesis in bacterial extracts.
Journal of Molecular BiologySpecificity of sRNA for recognition of codons as studied by the ribosomal binding technique
120 Citations1966Dieter Söll, D. S. Jones +8 more
Multiple sRNA species which are specific for individual amino acids have been purified from yeast and Escherichia coli using techniques of column chromatography or countercurrent distribution and appear to provide support for the postulates of the wobble hypothesis.
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119 Citations1968Lawrence Skogerson, Kivie Moldave
Results suggest that transferase I is the aminoacyl-tRNA binding factor, that peptide bond-synthetase is a ribosomal activity, that transferases I and II are involved in translocation, and that GTP has multiple sites of action, two of which appear to require GTP specifically.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesInitiation of E. coli proteins.
118 Citations1966Mario R. Capecchi
NatureFunction of Three Protein Factors and Ribosomal Subunits in the Initiation of Protein Synthesis in E. coli
117 Citations1968Michel Revel, J.C. Lelong +2 more
A study of the effects of the three initiation factors on the formation of the initiation complex has shown that factor C promotes AUG dependent binding of F-met-tRNAF to the free 30S ribosomal subunit.
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117 Citations1968Attila Szentirmai, Márton Szentirmai +1 more
Thiaisoleucine-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli strain K-12 which exhibited reduced isoleucyl soluble ribonucleic acid synthetase activity were isolated and grew more slowly than wild type and were derepressed for three of the five enzymes in the pathways to isoleukine and valine.
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116 Citations1968Peter Fellner, Frederick Sanger
Biochimica et Biophysica ActaRelease of soluble protein from reticulocyte ribosomes
114 Citations1961Allan J. Morris, Richard S. Schweet
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesStepwise synthesis of a tripeptide.
114 Citations1968Anne‐Lise Haenni, Jean Lucas‐Lenard
Abbreviations: Phe, phenylalaniise; diPhe, dipheniylalanine; triP he, triphessylalanines; N-acetylPhe-tRNA, N- acetylphenylalanyl-tRNAs; F-Met-P he-t RNA, formylmethionyl phenyl- F- met-puro.
Journal of Biological ChemistryThe Activation of Arginyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase by Transfer Ribonucleic Acid
113 Citations1967Alan H. Mehler, Samir K. Mitra
The specific tRNA has now been shown to be required for reaction of this enzyme system with hydroxylamine and for the enzymatic pyrophosphorolysis of arginyl adenylate.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesInhibition of the attachment of messenger ribonucleic acid to ribosomes.
112 Citations1968Arthur P. Grollman, Margaret L. Stewart
Since attachment of mRNA to ribosomes might be inhibited by small molecules, a number of organic compounds were examined for this activity and several triphenylmethane dyes were found to be active in cell-free systems and appear to be novel inhibitors of mRNA translation.
Journal of Biological ChemistryThe Isolation and Properties of Phenylalanyl Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase from Escherichia coli B
112 Citations1967M.P. Stulberg
Phenylalanyl ribonucleic acid synthetase has been isolated from Escherichia coli and is 93% pure as determined by analytical centrifugation and gel electrophoresis and is adaptable to large scale preparation.
ScienceSingle Crystals of Transfer RNA from Formylmethionine and Phenylalanine Transfer RNA's
112 Citations1968Arnold Hampel, Mindaugas Labanauskas +5 more
The availability of crystals of a nucleic acid opens a route for extending knowledge of the tertiary structure of transfer RNA and its relation to important biological functions.
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