Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Risk Factors for Age-Related Disease
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicinePublished 1 December 2009Open access
Andrea Danese, Terrie E. Moffitt, HonaLee Harrington, Barry Milne, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Carmine M. Pariante
Citations1,136
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Children exposed to adverse psychosocial experiences have enduring emotional, immune, and metabolic abnormalities that contribute to explaining their elevated risk for age-related disease.
Abstract
Children exposed to adverse psychosocial experiences have enduring emotional, immune, and metabolic abnormalities that contribute to explaining their elevated risk for age-related disease. The promotion of healthy psychosocial experiences for children is a necessary and potentially cost-effective target for the prevention of age-related disease.
Keywords
Social SciencesMedicineNeuroscience
Encyclopedia of Social WorkDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
109,983 Citations2013Janet B. W. Williams, Michael B. First
Psychological BulletinThe need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
21,477 Citations1995Roy F. Baumeister, Mark R. Leary
Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation, and people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds.
American Journal of Preventive MedicineRelationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults
18,454 Citations1998Vincent J. Felitti, Robert F. Anda +6 more
A strong graded relationship was found between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
NatureInflammation and metabolic disorders
8,955 Citations2006Gökhan S. Hotamışlıgil
Dysfunction of the immune response and metabolic regulation interface can be viewed as a central homeostatic mechanism, dysfunction of which can lead to a cluster of chronic metabolic disorders, particularly obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Child Abuse & NeglectChild abuse: Adolescent records vs. adult recall
8,846 Citations1990Donna Della Femina, Catherine A. Yeager +1 more
In a follow-up study of incarcerated Connecticut youth, 69 subjects interviewed during young adulthood, 26 gave histories of abuse discrepant with histories obtained from records and interviews conducted in adolescence, finding reasons for these discrepant data are discussed.
Medicine & Science in Sports & ExerciseCompendium of Physical Activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
8,541 Citations2000Barbara E. Ainsworth, William L. Haskell +10 more
An updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities, a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity (PA) by rate of energy expenditure, is provided to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA.
NatureInflammation in atherosclerosis
8,172 Citations2002Peter Libby
The new appreciation of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the clinical benefits of lipid-lowering therapies and unravelling the details of inflammatory pathways may eventually furnish new therapeutic targets.
ScienceSocial Relationships and Health
7,039 Citations1988James S. House, Karl R. Landis +1 more
Experimental and quasi-experimental studies suggest that social isolation is a major risk factor for mortality from widely varying causes and the mechanisms through which social relationships affect health remain to be explored.
The LancetAlternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study
7,036 Citations1997Christopher J L Murray, Alan D López
Three scenarios of future mortality and disability for different age-sex groups, causes, and regions, developed as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study, found some robust results with implications for health policy.
New England Journal of MedicineProtective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
6,564 Citations1998Bruce S. McEwen
The long-term effect of the physiologic response to stress is reviewed, which I refer to as allostatic load, which is the ability to achieve stability through change.
CirculationMarkers of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease
6,361 Citations2003Thomas A. Pearson, George A. Mensah +13 more
There has been no consensus from professional societies or governmental agencies as to how these assays of markers of inflammation should be used in clinical practice, and a workshop to address these issues was convened in Atlanta, Ga.
The LancetThe metabolic syndrome
6,303 Citations2010Robert H. Eckel, KGMM Alberti +2 more
The pathophysiology seems to be largely attributable to insulin resistance with excessive flux of fatty acids implicated, and a proinflammatory state probably contributes to the metabolic syndrome.
New England Journal of MedicineInflammation, Aspirin, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Apparently Healthy Men
5,527 Citations1997Paul M. Ridker, Mary Cushman +3 more
The LancetThe metabolic syndrome
5,391 Citations2005Robert H. Eckel, Scott M. Grundy +1 more
The pathophysiology seems to be largely attributable to insulin resistance with excessive flux of fatty acids implicated, and a proinflammatory state probably contributes to the metabolic syndrome.
ScienceRole of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children
4,846 Citations2002Avshalom Caspi, Joseph L. McClay +6 more
A functional polymorphism in the gene encoding the neurotransmitter-metabolizing enzyme monoamine oxidase A was found to moderate the effect of maltreatment, and it was found that Maltreated children with a genotype conferring high levels of MAOA expression were less likely to develop antisocial problems.
JAMAC-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
4,431 Citations2001Aruna D. Pradhan
Elevated levels of CRP and IL-6 predict the development of type 2 DM, and data support a possible role for inflammation in diabetogenesis.
New England Journal of MedicineEffect of In Utero and Early-Life Conditions on Adult Health and Disease
3,890 Citations2008Peter D. Gluckman, Mark A. Hanson +2 more
Evidence from several disciplines is synthesized to support the contention that environmental factors acting during development should be accorded greater weight in models of disease causation.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular BiologyInflammation in Atherosclerosis
3,712 Citations2012Peter Libby
The discovery of the immune basis of allograft arteriosclerosis demonstrated that inflammation per se can drive arterial hyperplasia, even in the absence of traditional risk factors.
The LancetWEIGHT IN INFANCY AND DEATH FROM ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
3,518 Citations1989David J.P. Barker, Clive Osmond +3 more
Measurements that promote prenatal and postnatal growth may reduce deaths from ischaemic heart disease and may be especially important in boys who weigh below 7.5 pounds (3.4 kg) at birth.
JAMAThe concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis
3,028 Citations1992George P. Chrousos
Psychological BulletinRisky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring.
2,792 Citations2002Rena L. Repetti, Shelley E. Taylor +1 more
It is concluded that childhood family environments represent vital links for understanding mental and physical health across the life span.
JAMAEffect of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction and Markers of Vascular Inflammation in the Metabolic Syndrome
2,097 Citations2004Katherine Esposito, Raffaele Marfella +7 more
Annual Review of PsychologyThe Neurobiology of Stress and Development
1,968 Citations2006Megan R. Gunnar, Karina Quevedo
The anatomy and physiology of stress responding, the relevant animal literature, and the importance of individual differences as a lens through which to approach questions about stress experiences during development and child outcomes are reviewed.
JAMAPituitary-Adrenal and Autonomic Responses to Stress in Women After Sexual and Physical Abuse in Childhood
1,956 Citations2000Christine Heim
The findings suggest that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system hyperreactivity, presumably due to CRF hypersecretion, is a persistent consequence of childhood abuse that may contribute to the diathesis for adulthood psychopathological conditions.
NatureWhy do we age?
1,748 Citations2000Thomas B. L. Kirkwood, Steven N. Austad
The evolutionary theory of ageing explains why ageing occurs and helps to clarify how the genome shapes the ageing process, thereby aiding the study of the genetic factors that influence longevity and age-associated diseases.
New England Journal of MedicineChildhood Body-Mass Index and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Adulthood
1,680 Citations2007Jennifer L. Baker, Lina W. Olsen +1 more
It is found that higher BMI during this period of childhood is associated with an increased risk of any, non-fatal and fatal heart disease in adulthood.
Choice Reviews OnlineLoneliness: human nature and the need for social connection
1,588 Citations2008John T. Cacioppo, William Patrick
NatureThe coming acceleration of global population ageing
1,436 Citations2008Wolfgang Lutz, Warren C. Sanderson +1 more
This work measures the speed of population ageing by using conventional measures and new ones that take changes in longevity into account for the world as a whole and for 13 major regions and indicates a continuous ageing of the world’s population throughout the century.
New England Journal of MedicineCardiovascular Medicine at the Turn of the Millennium: Triumphs, Concerns, and Opportunities
1,426 Citations1997Eugene Braunwald
This is an especially opportune time to comment on progress in cardiovascular disease, because both the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the American Heart Association are celebrating their golden anniversaries within the next 18 months.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesAllostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur studies of successful aging
1,372 Citations2001Teresa E. Seeman, Bruce S. McEwen +2 more
AL was a better predictor of mortality and decline in physical functioning than either the syndrome X or primary mediator components alone and the findings support the concept of AL as a measure of cumulative biological burden.
JAMALong-term Effects of Home Visitation on Maternal Life Course and Child Abuse and Neglect
1,364 Citations1997David L. Olds
This program of prenatal and early childhood home visitation by nurses can reduce the number of subsequent pregnancies, the use of welfare, child abuse and neglect, and criminal behavior on the part of low-income, unmarried mothers for up to 15 years after the birth of the first child.
PubMedThe concepts of stress and stress system disorders. Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis.
1,304 Citations1992George P. Chrousos, P W Gold
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesChildhood maltreatment predicts adult inflammation in a life-course study
1,256 Citations2007Andrea Danese, Carmine M. Pariante +3 more
Childhood maltreatment is a previously undescribed, independent, and preventable risk factor for inflammation in adulthood, and may be an important developmental mediator linking adverse experiences in early life to poor adult health.
The Metabolic Syndrome
1,227 Citations2010Scott M. Grundy
The National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) report added the metabolic syndrome as a coequal partner of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol for risk-reduction therapies.
JAMARelationships Between Poverty and Psychopathology
1,069 Citations2003E. Jane Costello, Scott N. Compton +2 more
An income intervention that moved families out of poverty for reasons that cannot be ascribed to family characteristics had a major effect on some types of children's psychiatric disorders, but not on others.
Archives of General PsychiatryA Prospective Investigation of Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbidity in Abused and Neglected Children Grown Up
1,065 Citations2007Cathy Spatz Widom, Kimberly DuMont +1 more
The need for clinicians to increase efforts to detect and treat depression in physically abused and neglected children is supported, as child abuse and neglect were associated with an increased risk for current MDD.
Biological PsychiatryMood Disorders in the Medically Ill: Scientific Review and Recommendations
1,057 Citations2005Dwight L. Evans, Dennis S. Charney +42 more
A growing body of evidence suggests that biological mechanisms underlie a bidirectional link between mood disorders and many medical illnesses and there is evidence to suggest that mood disorders affect the course of medical illnesses.
JAMAThe Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Risk of Cognitive Decline
1,028 Citations2004Kristine Yaffe
Journal of Cardiopulmonary RehabilitationMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1,026 Citations2003T A Pearson, George A. Mensah +1 more
Nature reviews. ImmunologySystemic infections and inflammation affect chronic neurodegeneration
1,015 Citations2007V. Hugh Perry, Colm Cunningham +1 more
Evidence is reviewed to support the hypothesis that in chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, with an ongoing innate immune response in the brain, systemic infections and inflammation can cause acute exacerbations of symptoms and drive the progression of neurodegenersation.
The LancetAssociation between children's experience of socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health: a life-course study
1,008 Citations2002Richie Poulton, Avshalom Caspi +5 more
Journal of the American Medical AssociationCORONARY DISEASE AMONG UNITED STATES SOLDIERS KILLED IN ACTION IN KOREA
886 Citations1953William F. Enos
The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the gross lesions found in the coronary arteries of United States soldiers killed in action in Korea.
Child DevelopmentFamily Poverty, Welfare Reform, and Child Development
844 Citations2000Greg J. Duncan, Jeanne Brooks‐Gunn
It is suggested that family poverty has selective effects on child development, and ways policies might be aimed at preventing either economic deprivation itself or its effects are suggested.
ScienceInflammatory Exposure and Historical Changes in Human Life-Spans
758 Citations2004Caleb E. Finch, Eileen M. Crimmins
It is proposed that a “cohort morbidity phenotype” represents inflammatory processes that persist from early age into adult life and has also made an important contribution to the historical decline in old-age mortality.
PubMedDepression and generalized anxiety disorder: cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years.
708 Citations2007Terrie E. Moffitt, HonaLee Harrington +5 more
Challenging the prevailing notion that generalized anxiety usually precedes depression and eventually develops into depression, these findings show that the reverse pattern occurs almost as often.
Annals of EpidemiologySystematic Review of the Influence of Childhood Socioeconomic Circumstances on Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Adulthood
633 Citations2005Bruna Galobardes, George Davey Smith +1 more
Archives of General PsychiatryBrief Screening for Family Psychiatric History: The Family History Screen
600 Citations2000Myrna M. Weissman
The FHS is a promising brief screen for collecting lifetime psychiatric history on an informant and/or first-degree relatives and its validity is best demonstrated for major depression, anxiety disorders, substance dependence (alcohol and drug dependence), and suicide attempts.
Cochrane Database of Systematic ReviewsMultiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of coronary heart disease
548 Citations2011Shah Ebrahim, Fiona Taylor +4 more
Interventions using counselling and education aimed at behaviour change do not reduce total or CHD mortality or clinical events in general populations but may be effective in reducing mortality in high-risk hypertensive and diabetic populations.
Current Directions in Psychological ScienceLoneliness and Peer Relations in Childhood
510 Citations2003Steven R. Asher, Julie Paquette
New England Journal of MedicineThe Family History — More Important Than Ever
499 Citations2004Alan E. Guttmacher, Francis S. Collins +1 more
The authors make the case for taking a good family history in the era of genomic medicine and provide a computer tool that can be downloaded and used by patients to help record this history.
British Medical BulletinEarly determinants of behaviour: evidence from primate studies
483 Citations1997Stephen J. Suomi
The idea that early experiences disproportionately influence adult behaviour has long been a fixture of mainstream developmental theory, and early social relationships with mothers or other caregivers appear to provide especially powerful determinants of behavioural propensities throughout the lifespan.
Choice Reviews OnlinePeer rejection: developmental processes and intervention strategies
473 Citations2004Karen L. Bierman
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Impact of Comorbidity of Mental and Physical Conditions on Role Disability in the US Adult Household Population
463 Citations2007Kathleen R. Merikangas, Minnie Ames +5 more
The staggering amount of health-related disability associated with mental and physical conditions should be considered in establishing priorities for the allocation of health care and research resources.
Archives of General PsychiatryCosts of Health Care Use by Women HMO Members With a History of Childhood Abuse and Neglect
442 Citations1999Edward A. Walker, Jürgen Unützer +6 more
Although the absolute cost differences per year per woman were relatively modest, the large number of women in the population with these experiences suggests that the total costs to society are substantial.
JAMAPrevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults
414 Citations2005Mercedes R. Carnethon
Low fitness in adolescents and adults is common in the US population and is associated with an increased prevalence of CVD risk factors.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineSocially Isolated Children 20 Years Later
413 Citations2006Avshalom Caspi, HonaLee Harrington +3 more
Longitudinal findings about children followed up to adulthood suggest that social isolation has persistent and cumulative detrimental effects on adult health, and underscores the usefulness of a life-course approach to health research.
The Lancet NeurologyRelation of C-reactive protein to stroke, cognitive disorders, and depression in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis
398 Citations2005Hsu‐Ko Kuo, Chung‐Jen Yen +4 more
It is concluded that high concentrations of CRP are associated with increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairment and the association between CRP and depression should be studied prospectively.
JAMALong-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect. Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial
390 Citations1997David L. Olds
PEDIATRICSObesity and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Midadult Life: The Role of Childhood Adversity
334 Citations2008Claudia Thomas, Elina Hyppönen +1 more
Adversities with the strongest associations with adiposity tended to be associated with glycosylated hemoglobin levels of ≥6, but in most cases associations were explained by adjustment for adulthood mediators such as adiposity.
American Journal of EpidemiologyNHLBI Family Heart Study: Objectives and Design
276 Citations1996Millicent Higgins, Michael A. Province +7 more
The NHLBI Family Heart Study is a multicenter, population-based study of genetic and nongenetic determinants of coronary heart disease (CHD), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular risk factors.
The LancetChildhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioural factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen
259 Citations1996Eric J. Brunner, Michael Marmot +4 more
Evidence is provided that adult fibrinogen concentration is determined by factors operating throughout life, including the psychosocial characteristics, as a marker of the biological pathways that mediate the inverse socioeconomic gradient in coronary disease.
Cambridge University Press eBooksDepression and Physical Illness
185 Citations2006Andrew Steptoe, Andrew Steptoe +23 more
NatureEarly Experience and Immunity
181 Citations1968George F. Solomon, Seymour Levine +1 more
Differential immunological responses to flagellin are studied in rats handled and not handled before weaning, which might have important implications in host resistance to infectious disease, to cancer and possibly to auto-immune diseases.
Brain Behavior and ImmunityInfluence of early rearing on lymphocyte proliferation responses in juvenile rhesus monkeys
87 Citations1989Christopher L. Coe, Gabriele R. Lubach +2 more
The results indicate that early rearing conditions can have a lasting effect on certain immune responses in the developing primate.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public HealthMethod: The New Zealand Socio‐economic Index of Occupational Status: methodological revision and imputation for missing data
25 Citations2004Peter Davis, Gabrielle Jenkin +4 more
The New Zealand Socio‐economic Index (NZSEI) is revised and update in the light of methodological issues in its construction, and an imputation method for use where occupational information is not available is developed.