LOL! (laughing online): An investigation of non-verbal communication in computer mediated exchanges
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TL;DR
Empoticons and onomatopoeic expressions in CMC seem to play a role similar to non-verbal communication in face-to-face conversation; however, more research is necessary to confirm this.
Abstract
Computer mediated communication (CMC) has a growing presence in modern communication. This paper discusses linguistic research in the field of CMC and explores how non-verbal communication, particularly instant messaging and texting, manifests in CMC. CMC has been found to be more conservative than speech but less conservative than written language. Emoticons and onomatopoeic expressions in CMC seem to play a role similar to non-verbal communication in face-to-face conversation; however, more research is necessary to confirm this.