Mild opioid deprivation increases the degree that opioid-dependent outpatients discount delayed heroin and money
PsychopharmacologyPublished 1 September 2002
Louis A. Giordano, Warren K. Bickel, George Loewenstein, Eric A. Jacobs, Lisa A. Marsch, Gary J. Badger
Citations298
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score1.16
SNIP0.97
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Understanding the conditions that affect how drug-dependent individuals discount delayed rewards might help to understand the myopic choices made by such individuals and help improve treatment outcomes.
Abstract
Opioid deprivation increased the degree to which dependent individuals discounted delayed heroin and money. Understanding the conditions that affect how drug-dependent individuals discount delayed rewards might help us understand the myopic choices made by such individuals and help improve treatment outcomes.
Keywords
MedicineNeuroscience
Journal of Economic LiteratureTime Discounting and Time Preference: A Critical Review
4,773 Citations2002Shane Frederick, George Loewenstein +1 more
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesOut of Control: Visceral Influences on Behavior
2,607 Citations1996George Loewenstein
The Quarterly Journal of EconomicsAnomalies in Intertemporal Choice: Evidence and an Interpretation
2,333 Citations1992George Loewenstein, Dražen Prelec
Economics LettersSome empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency
2,261 Citations1981Richard H. Thaler
Journal of Experimental Psychology GeneralHeroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.
1,738 Citations1999Kris N. Kirby, Nancy M. Petry +1 more
The results lend external validity to the delay-discounting rate as a measure of impulsiveness, a characteristic associated with substance abuse, in heroin addicts and age-matched controls.
PsychopharmacologyImpulsivity and cigarette smoking: delay discounting in current, never, and ex-smokers
1,467 Citations1999Warren K. Bickel, Amy L. Odum +1 more
Cigarette smoking, like other forms of drug dependence, is characterized by rapid loss of subjective value for delayed outcomes, particularly for the drug of dependence.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorSUBJECTIVE PROBABILITY AND DELAY
1,347 Citations1991Howard Rachlin, Andrés Raineri +1 more
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorCOMMITMENT, CHOICE AND SELF‐CONTROL<sup>1</sup>
1,207 Citations1972Howard Rachlin, Leonard Green
The preference for the large delayed alternative with long durations of T parallels everyday instances of advance commitment to a given course of action and may be seen as a prototype for self-control.
Psychological ScienceDiscounting of Delayed Rewards: A Life-Span Comparison
1,179 Citations1994Leonard Green, Astrid F. Fry +1 more
AddictionToward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: delay discounting processes
1,121 Citations2001Warren K. Bickel, Lisa A. Marsch
This paper examines how delay discounting may provide an explanation of both impulsivity and loss of control exhibited by the drug dependent.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorWITHIN‐SUBJECT COMPARISON OF REAL AND HYPOTHETICAL MONEY REWARDS IN DELAY DISCOUNTING
1,001 Citations2002Matthew W. Johnson, Warren K. Bickel
By measuring discounting at an unprecedented range of real rewards, this study has systematically replicated the robust finding in human delay discounting research that discount rates decrease with increasing magnitude of reward.
Management ScienceDiscount Rates Inferred from Decisions: An Experimental Study
935 Citations1989Uri Ben‐Zion, Amnon Rapoport +1 more
Psychonomic Bulletin & ReviewDelay-discounting probabilistic rewards: Rates decrease as amounts increase
927 Citations1996Kris N. Kirby, Nino N. Maraković
The data indicated that the discounting rate is a decreasing function of the size of the delayed reward (p < .0001), whether hyperbolic or exponential discounting functions are assumed.
Medical Entomology and ZoologyPicoeconomics: The Strategic Interaction of Successive Motivational States within the Person
873 Citations1992George Ainslie
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorDISCOUNTING OF DELAYED REWARDS: MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL CHOICE
853 Citations1995Joel Myerson, Leonard Green
Two possible derivations of the temporal discounting function are proposed, a repeated choice model and an expected value model, which provide theoretical interpretations for amount-dependent discounting but amount-independent exponent parameters.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorDELAY OR PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING IN A MODEL OF IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR: EFFECT OF ALCOHOL
798 Citations1999Jerry B. Richards, Lan Zhang +2 more
Delays and probability discounting were well described by a hyperbolic function, and were moderately correlated with personality measures of impulsivity; and alcohol had no effect on discounting.
Journal of Experimental Psychology GeneralBidding on the future: Evidence against normative discounting of delayed rewards.
754 Citations1997Kris N. Kirby
Experimental and Clinical PsychopharmacologyHyperbolic temporal discounting in social drinkers and problem drinkers.
610 Citations1998Rudy E. Vuchinich, Cathy A. Simpson
Two studies compared participants, distinguished by their typical alcohol consumption, on the degree to which they discounted the value of delayed, hypothetical amounts of money, finding that a hyperbolic function described temporal discounting more accurately than an exponential function.
Memory & CognitionRate of temporal discounting decreases with amount of reward
524 Citations1997Leonard Green, Joel Myerson +1 more
Hyperbolic functions consistently provided more accurate descriptions of the data than did exponential functions predicted by an economic model of discounted utility, and implications for procedures to enhance self-control are discussed.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of BehaviorDETERMINATION OF DISCOUNT FUNCTIONS IN RATS WITH AN ADJUSTING‐AMOUNT PROCEDURE
498 Citations1997Jerry B. Richards, Suzanne H. Mitchell +2 more
Three experiments demonstrate that the adjusting-amount procedure provides a useful tool for measuring the discounting of reinforcer value by delay, and the obtained discount functions were well described by a hyperbolic function.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesModeling Myopic Decisions: Evidence for Hyperbolic Delay-Discounting within Subjects and Amounts
467 Citations1995Kris N. Kirby, Nino N. Maraković
Drug and Alcohol DependenceExcessive discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers with gambling problems
433 Citations1999Nancy M. Petry, Thomas Casarella
Evidence is provided of more rapid discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers, and especially among substance abusers with a comorbid gambling problem, which may be a feature central to impulse control and addictive disorders.
Psychonomic Bulletin & ReviewTemporal discounting and preference reversals in choice between delayed outcomes
422 Citations1994Leonard Green, Nathanael M. Fristoe +1 more
The presence of significant negative curvature in the data from the majority of individual subjects poses problems for exponential and hyperbolic models of temporal discounting in self-control, both of which predict a linear relation between the delays to the larger and smaller amounts.
JAMAMethadone Maintenance vs 180-Day Psychosocially Enriched Detoxification for Treatment of Opioid Dependence
417 Citations2000Karen L. Sees, Kevin Delucchi +6 more
The results confirm the usefulness of MMT in reducing heroin use and HIV risk behaviors and provide support for diverting resources from MMT into long-term detoxification.
PsychopharmacologyProgressive-ratio schedules of drug delivery in the analysis of drug self-administration: a review
407 Citations1998David Stafford, Mark LeSage +1 more
To the extent that breaking points provide an index of reinforcing efficacy, these studies demonstrate that a wide range of variables can influence the reinforcing efficacy of self-administered drugs.
Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesNeurobiology of Addiction: Toward the Development of New Therapies
324 Citations2000George F. Koob
The hypothesis outlined here is that knowledge of the neurochemical systems involved in the transition from drug use to the compulsive use of addiction will provide the rational basis for development of pharmacotherapies for drug addiction.
Alcohol and AlcoholismLong-term alcohol self-administration with repeated alcohol deprivation phases: an animal model of alcoholism?
287 Citations1999Rainer Spanagel, Sabine M. Hölter
The alcohol deprivation effect outlasts very long abstinence phases, which indicates the persistence of a drug memory for alcohol in animal models of long-term, free-choice, alcohol self-administration followed by alcohol deprivation phases.
Experimental and Clinical PsychopharmacologyDiscounting of delayed rewards in opioid-dependent outpatients: Exponential or hyperbolic discounting functions?
259 Citations1999Gregory J. Madden, Warren K. Bickel +1 more
Delayed heroin rewards were discounted at a significantly higher rate than were delayed monetary rewards and the hyperbolic function produced significantly higher R2 values and significantly lower sums of squared error values.
Animal BehaviourWhen foragers discount the future: constraint or adaptation?
252 Citations1986John H. Kagel, Leonard Green +1 more
A model of a variable time bias specification can explain the observed, temporally inconsistent preferences of foragers as well as modify a standard economic model for discounting future rewards.
Journal of Behavioral Decision MakingThe effect of temporal constraints on the value of money and other commodities
229 Citations1993Andrés Raineri, Howard Rachlin
Drug and Alcohol DependenceNeedle sharing in opioid-dependent outpatients: psychological processes underlying risk
212 Citations2000Amy L. Odum, Gregory J. Madden +2 more
Training to mitigate the effect of delay on outcome value may offer reductions in needle sharing and drug abuse.
PsychopharmacologyEffects of methamphetamine on the adjusting amount procedure, a model of impulsive behavior in rats
204 Citations1999Jerry B. Richards, Karen E. Sabol +1 more
In these experiments, the rats became less impulsive after acute non-disruptive doses of pre-session METH, whereas they became moreImpulsive after receiving repeated post-session injections of a dose that was behaviorally disruptive when administered acutely.
Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental ResearchIncreased Ethanol Self‐Administration after a Period of Imposed Ethanol Deprivation in Rats Trained in a Limited Access Paradigm
191 Citations1997Charles J. Heyser, Gery Schulteis +1 more
Examining the effect of forced time-off on oral ethanol self-administration in nondependent rats may provide a useful tool to elucidate mechanisms underlying human alcohol seeking behavior and relapse.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical PsychologyEffects of adding behavioral treatment to opioid detoxification with buprenorphine.
168 Citations1997Warren K. Bickel, Leslie Amass +3 more
This trial assessed whether behavioral treatment improves outcome during a 26-week outpatient opioid detoxification with a buprenorphine dose-taper combined with either behavioral or standard treatment.
Archives of General PsychiatryMethadone Dose Increase and Abstinence Reinforcement for Treatment of Continued Heroin Use During Methadone Maintenance
153 Citations2000Kenzie L. Preston, Annie Umbricht +1 more
In patients enrolled in a methadone-maintainence program who continued to use heroin, abstinence reinforcement and a Methadone dose increase were each effective in reducing use.
PubMedLong-term ethanol self-administration with repeated ethanol deprivation episodes changes ethanol drinking pattern and increases anxiety-related behaviour during ethanol deprivation in rats.
127 Citations1998Sabine M. Hölter, Mario Engelmann +4 more
It is suggested that ethanol deprivation is anxiogenic in long-term voluntarily ethanol-drinking rats, which is increased by repeated ethanol deprivation experience, and the possibility that anxiety during ethanol deprivation might contribute to the ‘relapse’-like drinking behaviour is discussed.
PsychopharmacologyBuprenorphine dosing every 1, 2, or 3 days in opioid-dependent patients
94 Citations1999Warren K. Bickel, Leslie Amass +2 more
The results suggest that buprenorphine may be administered safely every 72 h by tripling the maintenance dose, with only minimal withdrawal complaints, and this 72-h dosing may permit patients to attend clinic thrice weekly without the use of take-home doses.
PsychopharmacologySubjective and behavioural evaluation of cigarette cravings
86 Citations1995Paul Willner, Sydney Hardman +1 more
The significant relationships between the QSU and cigarette-reinforced progressiveratio operant performance support the validity of both of these procedures as measures of cigarette craving.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorBehavioral economic analysis of smoking: Money and food as alternatives
85 Citations1991Leonard H. Epstein, Cynthia M. Bulik +3 more
The results demonstrate the use of the concurrent schedule paradigm for assessing choice among pharmacological and nonpharmacological reinforcers, and shows the relative reinforcing value of smoking depends on recent deprivation, response demands to obtain the reinforcer and availability of alternative reinforcer.
Substance Use & MisuseTemporal Patterns of Heroin and Cocaine Use among Methadone Patients
84 Citations1998Stephen Magura, Sung-Yeon Kang +2 more
Cluster analysis identified distinct patient groups with very different heroin and cocaine usage patterns during treatment, and "high risk" groups, such as those not recently employed, younger, or involved with criminal justice, could benefit from special interventions very early in treatment.
AddictionAbstinence and price effects on demand for cigarettes: a behavioral‐economic analysis
81 Citations1999Gregory J. Madden, Warren K. Bickel
Behavioral-economic procedures and measures are sensitive to cigarette-abstinence manipulations and the laboratory methods employed here may prove beneficial in evaluating the probable effects of public-policy initiatives designed to reduce cigarette use.
Behavior and philosophyALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORKS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF SELF CONTROL
75 Citations1993Leonard Green, Joel Myerson
PsychopharmacologyThe development of addiction to d -amphetamine in an animal model: same principles as for alcohol and opiate
70 Citations1998Andrea Heyne, Jochen Wolffgramm
Both the temporal development and the prerequisites of psychostimulant addiction were in principle the same as for alcohol and opiates.
Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental ResearchEthanol Consumption by Fawn‐Hooded Rats Following Abstinence Effect of Naltrexone and Changes in μ‐Opioid Receptor Density
62 Citations1999Michael S. Cowen, Amir H. Rezvani +2 more
The data suggest that continual long-term naltrexone treatment may not be effective in the treatment of alcoholism, possibly because of the induced increase in micro-opioid receptor density.
AddictionExamining the limits of the buprenorphine interdosing interval: daily, every‐third‐day and every‐fifth‐day dosing regimens
40 Citations2001Nancy M. Petry, Warren K. Bickel +1 more
Opioid withdrawal symptoms increased significantly during the every-fifth-day dosing regimen in both the blind- and open-dosing studies, suggesting that the maximum duration of action of buprenorphine is less than 5 days when five times the daily maintenance dose is provided.
Drug and Alcohol DependenceContinued heroin use during methadone treatment: relationships between frequency of use and reasons reported for heroin use
26 Citations1999David Best, Michael Gossop +4 more
From a clinical perspective, it is likely that those who use opportunistically are less likely to change their use as a function of clinical responses than are those whose use is motivated by the attempt to curb withdrawal symptoms.
Drug and Alcohol DependenceLimits to buprenorphine dosing: a comparison between quintuple and sextuple the maintenance dose every 5 days
21 Citations2001Anke Groß, Eric A. Jacobs +3 more
It is suggested that sextuple buprenorphine dosing, administered every 5 days, does not abate opioid-withdrawal beyond 96 hours, and subjective ratings of withdrawal differed between the two regimens.