Protein Kinases and Phosphatases
Published 1 January 1983
Richard Rodnight
Citations60
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TL;DR
The nervous system has contributed significantly to these advances, for the brain is an exceptionally rich source of protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and their acceptor substrates.
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a ubiquitous cellular control mechanism the study of which has expanded enormously over the past decade.1–4 The nervous system has contributed significantly to these advances, for the brain is an exceptionally rich source of protein kinases, protein phosphatases, and their acceptor substrates. Several reviews of current research into various aspects of protein phosphorylation in neural tissues are available.5–7
Keywords
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
ScienceCalmodulin Plays a Pivotal Role in Cellular Regulation
2,443 Citations1980Wai Yiu Cheung
The role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in cell function is beginning to be unraveled at the molecular level as a result of recent research on calcium-binding proteins and particularly on calmodulin.
Annual Review of BiochemistryPhosphorylation-Dephosphorylation of Enzymes
2,215 Citations1979E G Krebs, Joseph A. Beavo
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1,145 Citations1979Yoshimi Takai, Akira Kishimoto +4 more
The proenzyme of a Ca2+-dependent protease-activated protein kinase previously obtained from mammalian tissues showed an ability to phosphorylate five histone fractions and muscle phosphorylase kinase, and appeared to possess multifunctional catalytic activities.
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893 Citations1971Donal A. Walsh, C. Dennis Ashby +4 more
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864 Citations1977Masatoshi Inoue, Akira Kishimoto +2 more
A protein kinase which phosphorylated histone and protamine was partially purified from bovine cerebellum and preliminary analysis suggested that the enzyme was produced from its precursor protein by a limited proteolytic reaction.
Journal of Biological ChemistryThe distribution and dissociation of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases in adipose, cardiac, and other tissues.
757 Citations1975Jackie D. Corbin, S L Keely +1 more
A survey of several tissues indicates the presence of type I and II protein kinases similar to the enzymes in adipose tissue and heart as determined by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of crude extracts and by dissociation of the enzymes with histone.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsUnsaturated diacylglycerol as a possible messenger for the activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase system
735 Citations1979Yoshimi Takai, Akira Kishimoto +3 more
Journal of Biological ChemistryStudies on a cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase and its proenzyme in mammalian tissues. I. Purification and characterization of an active enzyme from bovine cerebellum.
596 Citations1977Yoshimi Takai, Akira Kishimoto +2 more
A protein kinase which phosphorylated histone and protamine was partially purified from bovine cerebellum and suggested that the enzyme was produced from its precursor protein by a limited proteolytic reaction.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCalcium-dependent protein kinase: widespread occurrence in various tissues and phyla of the animal kingdom and comparison of effects of phospholipid, calmodulin, and trifluoperazine.
572 Citations1980J.F. Kuo, Rolf G. G. Andersson +7 more
It is suggested that phospholipid-sensitive Ca2-dependent protein kinase may mediate certain actions of Ca2+ in tissues, acting independently or in a complementary manner with other protein phosphorylation systems stimulated by calmodulin-Ca2+, cyclic AMP, or cyclic GMP.
Journal of Biological ChemistryComparison of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases from rabbit skeletal and bovine heart muscle.
564 Citations1975Franz Hofmann, JA Beavo +2 more
Homogeneous preparations of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase from rabbit skeletal (Peak I) and bovine heart muscle have been compared and several differences were found.
Journal of Biological ChemistryCyclic Nucleotide-dependent Protein Kinases
550 Citations1969Eishichi Miyamoto, J.F. Kuo +1 more
An adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of histone by ATP, has been purified from bovine brain and some of its properties have been studied.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCyclic AMP-dependent endogenous phosphorylation of a microtubule-associated protein.
548 Citations1975Roger D. Sloboda, S A Rudolph +2 more
The data raise the possibility that the cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 2 may play a role in microtubules assembly or function.
MIT Press eBooksThe neurosciences : fourth study program
535 Citations1979Francis O. Schmitt, Frederic G. Worden +3 more
The fourth Intensive Study Program (ISP) of MIT's Neurosciences Research Program was held in the summer of 1977, and differs from its predecessors, however, in that the entire ISP was based on the exploration of a single concept: local circuit interaction, structural (cellular), electrical, and chemical.
BiochemistryModulator protein as a component of the myosin light chain kinase from chicken gizzard
487 Citations1978Renata Dąbrowska, James M. F. Sherry +2 more
It is shown that the modulator protein from smooth muscle and troponin C are distinct proteins, and the similarity of the 17 000 kinase component and the modulators protein with respect to amino acid composition, absorption spectrum, and electrophoresis in urea-polyacrylamide gels.
Journal of Biological ChemistryInhibitory action of chlorpromazine, dibucaine, and other phospholipid-interacting drugs on calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase.
463 Citations1980T Mori, Yoshimi Takai +3 more
Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase recently found in mammalian tissues is inhibited by various phospholIPid-interacting drugs such as chlorpromazine, imipramine, phentolamine, dibucaine, verapamil, and tetracaine but a catalytic fragment of this enzyme, obtained by limited proteolysis with Ca2-dependent neutral protease, is fully active and not susceptible to any of these drugs.
BiochemistryConcerted regulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport by cyclic adenosine monophosphate dependent and calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylations
455 Citations1979Christian J. Le Peuch, Jacques Haiech +1 more
Journal of Biological ChemistryAdenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein system of neuronal membranes. I. Solubilization, purification, and some properties of an endogenous phosphoprotein.
411 Citations1977Tetsufumi Ueda, Paul Greengard
An endogenous substrate for adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase has been solubilized, and purified about 5,000-fold to apparent homogeneity, from a particulate fraction of bovine cerebral cortex enriched in synaptic membranes, suggesting that both Protein Ia and Protein Ib have an elongated shape.
Journal of Biological ChemistryDepolarization-induced phosphorylation of specific proteins, mediated by calcium ion influx, in rat brain synaptosomes.
392 Citations1977Bruce K. Krueger, J Forn +1 more
The data suggest that conditions which cause an accumulation of calcium by synaptosomes lead to a calcium-dependent increase in phosphorylation of specific endogenous proteins which may be involved in the regulation of certain calcium- dependent nerve terminal functions such as neurotransmitter synthesis and release.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCa2+-dependent protein phosphorylation system in membranes from various tissues, and its activation by "calcium-dependent regulator".
350 Citations1978Howard Schulman, Paul Greengard
This protein has been purified to homogeneity from bovine cerebral cortex, with use of an assay based on its ability to stimulate Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation in membranes, and appears to be identical to CDR of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesStimulation of Ca <sup>2+</sup> -dependent neurotransmitter release and presynaptic nerve terminal protein phosphorylation by calmodulin and a calmodulin-like protein isolated from synaptic vesicles
346 Citations1979Robert J. DeLorenzo, Steven D. Freedman +2 more
The results suggest that calcium's effects on neurotransmitter release and presynaptic nerve terminal protein phosphorylation may be mediated by endogenous calmodulin-like proteins.
Journal of Biological ChemistryCyclic Nucleotide-dependent Protein Kinases
335 Citations1970J.F. Kuo, Paul Greengard
An enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of histone by ATP, and is activated by low concentrations of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate, has been found in lobster muscle and partially purified.
Journal of Biological ChemistryIdentification of an activator protein for myosin light chain kinase as the Ca2+-dependent modulator protein.
310 Citations1978Koichi Yagi, Michio Yazawa +3 more
It is suggested that two Ca2+-receptive proteins, i.e. modulator protein and troponin-C, may play roles in the contraction-relaxation cycle of skeletal muscle.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesTwo calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, which are highly concentrated in brain, phosphorylate protein I at distinct sites.
299 Citations1981Mary B. Kennedy, Paul Greengard
Two calcium-stimulated protein kinase activities that phosphorylate protein I, a specific synaptic protein, have been identified in homogenates of rat brain and are distinguishable from each other and from myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylase b kinase by their substrate specificities and their chromatographic behavior on DEAE-cellulose.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesImmunohistochemical localization of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase in mammalian brain.
292 Citations1981Suzanne M. Lohmann, Ulrich Walter +3 more
Immunohistochemical experiments demonstrate that the high concentration of immunoreactivity of the protein kinase in cerebellum is attributable to Purkinje cells, and that Immunoreactivity was found throughout the brain on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDirect phosphorylation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: mechanism of enzyme activation.
286 Citations1978Tong H. Joh, D.H. Park +1 more
It is proposed that the pool of native tyrosine hydroxylase is composed of a mixture of enzyme molecules in both active and probably inactive forms, that the active form is phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation produces an active form of the enzyme at the expense of an inactive one.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesMultiple phosphorylation sites in protein I and their differential regulation by cyclic AMP and calcium.
284 Citations1979Wieland Β. Huttner, Paul Greengard
Differential regulation by cAMP and calcium of the phosphorylation of multiple sites on the same neuronal protein may provide a molecular basis for interactions between these two second-messenger systems in certain nerve terminal functions.
European Journal of BiochemistryThe Role of Calmodulin in the Structure and Regulation of Phosphorylase Kinase from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle
264 Citations1979Shirish Shenolikar, Patricia T.W. Cohen +5 more
Results demonstrated that the activation by Calmodulin was caused by the interaction of a second molecule of calmodulin with phosphorylase kinase, and the existence of an additional calmodul binding site was also indicated by the finding that phosphory lase kinases bound to cal modulin-Sepharose in the presence of calcium ions.
Journal of Biological ChemistryA new activator protein that activates tryptophan 5-monooxygenase and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase in the presence of Ca2+-, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Purification and characterization.
234 Citations1981Takashi Yamauchi, H Nakata +1 more
Analysis of cross-linked activator protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested that the protein might be a dimer of identical subunits.
Journal of Biological ChemistryDifferential phosphorylation of multiple sites in purified protein I by cyclic AMP-dependent and calcium-dependent protein kinases.
233 Citations1981Wieland Β. Huttner, Louis J. DeGennaro +1 more
The phosphorylation of purified Protein I by purified cAMP-dependent and calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases provides an enzymological explanation for the regulation of phosphorylated sites in endogenous Protein I in synaptosome preparations by cAMP and by calcium observed previously.
Journal of Biological ChemistrySubcellular Distribution of Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase in Rat Brain
208 Citations1971Hiroo Maeno, Edward M. Johnson +1 more
The data support the concept that adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate is associated with the molecular events underlying the processes of synaptic transmission as well as from subcellular organellesassociated with the synapse.
Journal of NeurochemistryPurification and Some Characteristics of an ACTH‐Sensitive Protein Kinase and Its Substrate Protein in Rat Brain Membranes
201 Citations1980H. Zwiers, P. Schotman +1 more
It is speculated that the inhibition of B‐50 protein kinase may be related to known modulatory effects of ACTH and related peptides on certain types of neurotransmission and behaviour.
The Annual Review of Pharmacology and ToxicologyProtein Phosphorylation Catalyzed by Cyclic AMP-Dependent and Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
200 Citations1980David B. Glass, E G Krebs
The Journal of Cell BiologySubcellular distribution in cerebral cortex of two proteins phosphorylated by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
198 Citations1979Tetsufumi Ueda, Paul Greengard +5 more
The subcellular localization of Proteins Ia and Ib suggests a role for these proteins in the physiology of the synapse, and the postsynaptic density fraction has been found to contain cAMP-dependent Protein Ia
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesMechanisms by which diazepam, muscimol, and other drugs change the content of cGMP in cerebellar cortex
182 Citations1977Giovanni Biggio, B.B. Brodie +2 more
The cGMP content of the cerebellar cortex is altered by drugs that change either the excitatory input of climbing or mossy fibers or the inhibitory input mediated by the activation of gammaAbu receptors.
NatureModulation of brain polyphosphoinositide metabolism by ACTH-sensitive protein phosphorylation
177 Citations1980J. Jolles, H. Zwiers +4 more
It is reported here that the ACTH-sensitive protein kinase/B-50 protein complex which was recently isolated in soluble form from rat brain synaptosomal plasma membranes has lipid phosphorylating activity, implying that phosphorylation of protein may affect the metabolism of (poly)PI in brain cell membranes.
Journal of Biological ChemistryPhosphoprotein Phosphatases from Rat Cerebral Cortex
169 Citations1972Hiroo Maeno, Paul Greengard
The subcellular distribution of phosphop protein phosphatases which release orthophosphate from phosphoprotein was in rat cerebral cortex was found to be different from that in mice.
PubMedNuclear protein kinases. Evidence for their heterogeneity, tissue specificity, substrate specificities, and differential responses to cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate.
167 Citations1974Valerie M. Kish, Lewis J. Kleinsmith
Preliminary data showing the existence of different protein kinase profiles in liver and kidney emphasize the tissue specificity of these enzymes and suggest that these kinases may play an important role in the tissue-specific regulation of RNA synthesis and chromatin function.
Journal of Biological ChemistryPurification and subunit composition of guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from bovine lung.
166 Citations1977Thomas Lincoln, W L Dills +1 more
The guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from bovine lung was purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromography using 8-2-aminoethylthio-cGMP coupled to Sepharose 4B, indicating that the enzyme was not dissociated into regulatory and catalytic components by the immobilized cGMP derivative.
NatureAn endogenous substrate for cGMP-dependent protein kinase in mammalian cerebellum
157 Citations1978D Schlichter, J E Casnellie +1 more
The presence in the cerebellum of a soluble protein specifically phosphorylated by the cGMP-dependent protein kinase of that tissue is reported.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesAdenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate- and guanosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinases: Possible homologous proteins
157 Citations1977Thomas Lincoln, Jackie D. Corbin
The results suggest that the two enzymes evolved from a common ancestral protein, and that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase was the better catalyst with each protein or peptides substrate.
Journal of Biological ChemistryStudies on the sites in histones phosphorylated by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases.
152 Citations1976Eikichi Hashimoto, Masao Takeda +3 more
Journal of Biological ChemistryComparison of the substrate specificity of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate- and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases. Kinetic studies using synthetic peptides corresponding to phosphorylation sites in histone H2B.
150 Citations1979David B. Glass, E G Krebs
Although the two cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases have similar substrate specificities, the determinants dictated by the primary sequence around the two phosphorylation sites in histone H2B are different for the two enzymes.
The Journal of Cell BiologyBrain postsynaptic densities: the relationship to glial and neuronal filaments.
146 Citations1980Andrew Matus, Gundula Pehling +2 more
The stickiness of PSDs for brain cytoplasmic proteins indicates that biochemical analysis of subcellular fractions is insufficient to establish a given protein as a synaptic junctional component, and corroborate recent evidence which suggests that isolated preparations of brain intermediate filaments contain both neuronal and glial filaments.
Journal of Biological ChemistryInteraction of calmodulin with myosin light chain kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase in bovine brain.
136 Citations1981David R. Hathaway, Robert Adelstein +1 more
The results suggest the possibility that calcineurin may be involved in the interaction between the protein kinase and calmodulin, and imply that the regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependentprotein kinase, but not the catalytic subunit, is the site of interaction with Calmodulin.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesImmunocytochemical localization, in synapses, of protein I, an endogenous substrate for protein kinases in mammalian brain.
135 Citations1979F E Bloom, Tetsufumi Ueda +2 more
Immunoreactivity was observed at some but not all synaptic regions and was restricted to the perimeter of synaptic vesicles and to submembranous material in the postsynaptic neuron.
Journal of Biological ChemistryStimulation by phosphatidylserine and calmodulin of calcium-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous proteins from cerebral cortex.
132 Citations1980Robert W. Wrenn, Norio Katoh +2 more
The present findings suggest an involvement of phospholipid in regulating Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous substrate proteins, and presumably functions independent or in a complementary manner with the calmodulin-sensitive Ca2-dependent protein phosphorylated system previously reported by others.
Biochemical JournalCalmodulin and myosin light-chain kinase of rabbit fast skeletal muscle
131 Citations1979Angus C. Nairn, S V Perry
Rabbit fast-skeletal-muscle calmodulin is indistinguishable from bovine braincalmodulin in its ability to activate myosin light-chain kinase and the other properties of these two proteins are also very similar.
The Journal of Cell BiologyFunction of calmodulin in postsynaptic densities. II. Presence of a calmodulin- activatable protein kinase activity
131 Citations1981DJ Grab, R. K. CARLIN +1 more
Results indicate that the calmodulin in the PSD can activate the kinase present under certain conditions, and it appears that the major 51,000 M(r) PSD protein is the one that is phosphorylated and not the 51, thousands M( r) component of brain intermediate filaments, which is a known PSD contaminant.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesLocalization of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and substrate in mammalian cerebellum.
129 Citations1980D Schlichter, John A. Detre +3 more
The enrichment in Purkinje cells of the cG MP-dependent protein kinase and its substrate suggests an important role for cGMP and cGGMP-dependentprotein phosphorylation in the function of this type of neuronal cell.
NatureProtein phosphorylation
124 Citations1979R. M. Marchbanks
Cyclic Nucleotides, Phosphorylated Proteins, and Neuronal Function, and the Distinguished Lecture Series of the Society of General Physiologists.
Journal of Biological ChemistryImmunological distinction between guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases.
121 Citations1980Ulrich Walter, Peter Miller +3 more
The substantial differences between the immunological properties of the cGMP-dependent and cAMP-dependent protein kinases suggest that these two enzymes have distinct physiological roles.
Journal of Biological ChemistryAdenosine 3‘:5‘-monophosphate receptor proteins in mammalian brain.
117 Citations1978Ulrich Walter, Philip D. Kanof +2 more
CAMP receptor proteins present in mammalian brain were identified and characterized with the use of the photoaffinity label 8-azido[32P]cAMP and appeared to be the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinases.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesOntogeny of synaptic phosphoproteins in brain.
113 Citations1978Suzanne M. Lohmann, Tetsufumi Ueda +1 more
Proteins Ia and Ib were shown to increase markedly during the time of major synaptogenesis in rat Cerebrum and guinea pig cerebrum, in which the morphological development of synapses is predominantly postnatal and prenatal, respectively.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDistribution of protein I in mammalian brain as determined by a detergent-based radioimmunoassay.
109 Citations1981Susan Goelz, Eric J. Nestler +2 more
The results suggest that measurement of protein I may provide a quantitative method for estimating the density of nerve terminals in various regions of the mammalian nervous system.
Biochemical JournalTurnover of protein-bound phosphorylserine in membrane preparations from ox brain catalysed by intrinsic kinase and phosphatase activity
108 Citations1971Michael Weller, Richard Rodnight
The turnover of protein-bound phosphorylserine in preparations of membrane fragments from ox brain cortex was studied and net phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of membrane protein was observed during incubation of membrane preparations with and without ATP.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesWidespread distribution of protein I in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
108 Citations1979Pietro De Camilli, Tetsufumi Ueda +3 more
Various tissues and organs outside the brain have now been examined for the possible occurrence of protein I, by using both an immunohistochemical approach and a chemical procedure involving radioimmunolabeling of polyacrylamide gels.
Journal of Biological ChemistryIdentification of two subclasses of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinases. Neural-specific and non-neural protein kinases.
101 Citations1980Jack Erlichman, Debdeep Sarkar +2 more
Journal of Biological ChemistryGuanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from bovine lung. Subunit structure and characterization of the purified enzyme.
100 Citations1977Gordon N. Gill, Gordon M. Walton +1 more
Determination of enzyme activity at varying concentrations of ATP revealed that cGMP increased the Vmax for ATP without significant effect on the Km; the purified enzyme was maximally active at 5 mM Mg2+; other divalent cations could not substitute for MG2+.
Journal of Biological ChemistryGuanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from bovine cerebellum. Purification and characterization.
97 Citations1975Yoshimi Takai, Kaoru Nishiyama +2 more
Guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP)-dependentprotein kinase was assayed with calf thymus histone as substrate and partially purified from the soluble fraction of bovine cerebellum, and was clearly distinguishable from cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in kinetic and catalytic properties.
Journal of Biological ChemistryEndogenous protein kinase inhibitors. Purification, characterization, and distribution in different tissues.
92 Citations1977A Szmigielski, Alessandro Guidotti +1 more
A thermostable inhibition of ATP-protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.37) (protein kinase) which is present in crude tissue extracts has been resolved by gel chromatography into two molecular forms.
Biochemical JournalPhosphorylation of myelin basic protein by an adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (<i>Short Communication</i>)
90 Citations1973P. R. Carnegie, Bruce E. Kemp +2 more
Myelin basic protein was shown to be a substrate for protein kinase from rabbit muscle and one of the major sites of phosphorylation was the serine residue in the sequence Gly-Arg-Gly-Leu-Ser- Leu.
Neuroscience LettersTrifluoperazine inhibits hippocampal long-term potentiation and the phosphorylation of a 40,000 dalton protein
82 Citations1980R.C. Finn, Michael Browning +1 more
It is reported that 40 microM trifluoperazine (TFP), a phenothiazine that binds calmodulin and blocks its activity, inhibits LTP in the hippocampal slice.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsActivation of tryptophan 5-monooxygenase by calcium-dependent regulator protein
81 Citations1979Takashi Yamauchi, Hitoshi Fujisawa
Rat brainstem tryptophan 5-monooxygenase was activated about 2-fold by rat brain calcium-dependent regulator (CDR) protein in the presence of low concentrations of Ca 2+.
Journal of Neurochemistry<i>IN VIVO</i> CHANGES OF CEREBRAL CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′‐MONOPHOSPHATE INDUCED BY BIOGENIC AMINES: ASSOCIATION WITH PHOSPHORYLASE ACTIVATION
80 Citations1974C. Edwards, S. R. Nahorski +1 more
The intravenous injection of adrenaline, isoprenaline and histamine to 4‐6‐day‐old chicks resulted in a rapid increase in the cyclic AMP content of cerebral hemispheres that had been removed and frozen within 0·5 s using a freeze‐blowing technique.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCa2+ and cyclic AMP regulate phosphorylation of same two membrane-associated proteins specific to nerve tissue.
77 Citations1979Werner Sieghart, J Forn +1 more
The results indicate that Ca2+ and cAMP are each capable of regulating the phosphorylation of proteins Ia and Ib.
Brain Research BulletinPresynaptic localization of phosphoprotein B-50
76 Citations1981Roger G. Sorensen, Leonard P. Kleine +1 more
A major phosphoprotein of synaptic membranes, the phosphorylation of which is stimulated by Ca2+ and inhibited by ACTh, appears to be identical with protein B-50 described by Zwiers, Schotman and Gispen, and is predominantly, if not exclusively, associated with presynaptic membranes of low bouyant density.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesActivation of brain tryptophan hydroxylase by ATP-MG2+: dependence on calmodulin.
76 Citations1980Donald M. Kuhn, J P O'Callaghan +2 more
Results indicate that the activation of tryptophan hydroxylase by phosphorylating conditions is dependent on both calcium and calmodulin.
Journal of Biological ChemistryHormonal control of protein phosphorylation in turkey erythrocytes. Phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent and Ca2+-dependent protein kinases of distinct sites in goblin, a high molecular weight protein of the plasma membrane.
73 Citations1980Seth L. Alper, H. Clive Palfrey +2 more
It is concluded that goblin, a plasma membrane protein possibly involved in the hormonal regulation of Na+-K+ co-transport, contains at least 3 distinct threonine residues and 1 or more serine residues which serve as specific substrates for three or more distinct protein kinases of the turkey erythrocyte, namely a cAMP-dependent enzyme, a Ca2+/calmodulin- dependent enzyme, and a third enzyme with undetermined regulatory control.
Brain Research BulletinImmunohistochemical localization of a phosphoprotein (B-50) isolated from rat brain synaptosomal plasma membranes
73 Citations1981A.B. Oestreicher, H. Zwiers +2 more
The endogenous phosphorylation in vitro of at least 5 protein bands of rat brain synaptosomal membranes (SPM) is inhibited by the behaviorally active peptide ACTH1-24, and the immunohistochemical localization of the antigen in the molecular and granular layer of the cerebellum was confirmed.
Brain ResearchStudies on the cell location of cyclic 3′,5′-guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase in cerebellum
72 Citations1978E. Bandle, A Guidotti
Evidence is provided that a sizable portion of cerebellar cGPK is located in the Purkinje cells, which is one of the highest cyclic GMP contents in the brain.
Journal of NeurochemistryPROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION IN SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES REGULATED BY ADENOSINE 3′:5′‐MONOPHOSPHATE: REGIONAL AND SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE ENDOGENOUS SUBSTRATES
70 Citations1979Angel L. De Blas, Yng‐Jiin Wang +2 more
The determination of the topographic distribution of the endogenous substrates in synaptic membrane preparations susceptible to phosphorylation in reactions modulated by adenosine 3′:5′‐monophosphate or Ca2+.
Journal of NeurochemistryPhosphorylation‐Mediated Changes in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity Influence Pyruvate‐Supported Calcium Accumulation by Brain Mitochondria
70 Citations1981Michael Browning, Michel Baudry +2 more
Evidence is provided that calcium accumulation by mitochondria is tightly linked to PDH activity and that changes in the phosphorylation of the PDH α‐subunit can be reflected inChanges in the calcium‐buffering ability of mitochondria.
Journal of Biological ChemistryDifferences in properties of cytosol and membrane-derived protein kinases.
69 Citations1976Isao Uno, Tetsufumi Ueda +1 more
For any given tissue, the properties of the membranes-derived enzyme differed from those of the cytosol enzymes, possibly reflecting different functional roles for the membrane-bound and cytOSol enzymes.
Journal of Biological ChemistryCyclic GMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in intact medial tissue and isolated cells from vascular smooth muscle.
68 Citations1980J E Casnellie, Harlan E. Ives +2 more
The photoaffinity ligand, ~-Ns-[~’P]cIMP, which labels the 74,000-dalton subunit of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, was used to study the distribution of this enzyme between soluble and total particulate fractions obtained from homogenates of aortic medial tissue.
Journal of Biological ChemistryCyclic AMP regulation of lactate dehydrogenase. Isoproterenol and N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP increase the levels of lactate dehydrogenase-5 isozyme and its messenger RNA in rat C6 glioma cells.
68 Citations1980Dennis Derda, Michael F. Miles +2 more
Analysis of the immunoprecipitated translation product by isoelectrofocusing revealed that isoproterenol or dibutyryl cAMP produced an approximately 8-fold stimulation of the poly(A) + RNA-directed synthesis of the lactate dehydrogenase M subunit.
Journal of Biological ChemistryCyclic AMP-stimulated protein kinases at brain synaptic junctions.
67 Citations1979PT Kelly, CW Cotman +1 more
Examining endogenous cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphorylation of subcellular fractions of rat brain enriched in synaptic plasma membranes, purified synaptic junctions, and postsynaptic densities found a marked preference of kinase activity toward endogenous compared to exogenous substrates in SJ fractions but in SPM fractions.
Brain ResearchEvidence that the 40,000 Mr phosphoprotein influenced by high frequency synaptic stimulation is the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase
65 Citations1981Michael Browning, William F. Bennett +2 more
Data provide persuasive evidence that the brain protein is the alpha-subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase and thereby raise the possibility that even very short periods of synaptic activity influence an enzyme of particular importance to mitochondrial metabolism in brain.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsPhosphorylation of calf thymus H1 histone by calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase
65 Citations1980Yasushi Iwasa, Yoshimi Takai +2 more
Analysis on the N-bromosuccinimide-bisected fragments of this radioactive histone has revealed that the enzyme phosphorylates preferentially seryl and threonyl residues located in the carboxyl-terminal half of this histone molecule.
Journal of Biological ChemistryProtein Kinase Modulator from Lobster Tail Muscle
64 Citations1973Thomas E. Donnelly, J.F. Kuo +2 more
Several factors were found which determine whether the effect of the modulator on protein kinase activity is stimulatory or inhibitory in nature, and these include the kind and concentration of substrate protein, the kinds and concentrations of divalent metal ions, and the nature of the enzyme.
Journal of NeurochemistryActivation of phosphorylase kinase from brain by small amounts of calcium ion
61 Citations1973E Ozawa
Journal of Biological ChemistryStudy of autophosphorylation of isoenzymes of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases.
61 Citations1977Ulrich Walter, Isao Uno +2 more
Type I and type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases, present in the cytosol from each of five rat and two bovine tissues, were separated from one another by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography in order to study their possible autophosphorylation.
Progress in brain researchPhosphoproteins in Postsynaptic Densities
60 Citations1982Rochelle S. Cohen, Richard K. Carlin +2 more
A CAMP-dependent protein kinase and the two substrates for this kinase, proteins Ia and Ib are present and the presence of actin has been identified by amino acid analysis, immunology, and by gel mobility.
Journal of NeurochemistryEffect of Cyclic AMP‐Dependent Protein Phosphorylating Conditions on the pH‐Dependent Activity of Tyrosine Hydroxylase from Beef and Rat Striata
57 Citations1981Robert Pollock, Gregory Kapatos +1 more
Experiments demonstrated that the in situ activation of TH by phosphorylating conditions is expressed primarily as an increase in the maximum rate of dopamine synthesis, indicating that changes in TH activity caused by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein phosphorylation will depend to a large extent on the pH of the TH environment.
BiochemistryCalcium ion stimulated endogenous protein kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of basic proteins in myelin subfractions and myelin-like membrane fraction from rat brain
56 Citations1980Prakash V. Sulakhe, Elena H. Petrali +2 more
An interesting possibility of the presence of calmodulin-like proteins and a calcium-stimulated protein kinase in adult myelin membrane from mammalian brain, both of which have been hitherto unrecognized constituents of myelin membranes are raised.
Journal of NeurochemistrySTUDIES ON PHOSPHORYLASE <i>b</i> KINASE FROM NEUTRAL TISSUES<sup>1</sup>
51 Citations1970George I. Drummond, Gail D. Bellward
It is concluded that the mechanism for activation of phosphorylase in nerve tissue is similar to that in muscle.
NaturePhosphorylase kinase phosphorylates a brain protein which is influenced by repetitive synaptic activation
51 Citations1979Michael Browning, William F. Bennett +1 more
The effect of exogeneous phosphorylase kinase (PBK) produces a marked and highly specific phosphorylation of the 40,000-MW protein that was previously shown to be affected by high frequency potentiating stimulation.
Journal of NeurochemistryOccurrence of Two Types of Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐Dependent Protein Kinases in the Cytosol Fraction of the Brain
50 Citations1981E. Miyamoto, Kohji Fukunaga +2 more
Two types of Ca2+‐dependent protein kinases were demonstrated and partially purified from the cytosol fraction of rat brain by DEAE‐cellulose, Sephadex G‐200, and calmodulin‐affinity column chromatography, using endogenous proteins and chicken gizzard myosin light chains as substrates.
Progress in brain researchMembrane Phospholipid Turnover, Receptor Function and Protein Phosphorylation
49 Citations1982Yoshimi Takai, R Minakuchi +6 more
This chapter describes a new receptor function that is recently found in laboratory studies that appears to be directly related to phosphatidylinositol turnover, which is induced by another group of extracellular messengers, such as acetylcholine, catecholamines, various peptide hormones, and many other biologically active substances.
Progress in brain researchAspects of Protein Phosphorylation in the Nervous System with Particular Reference to Synaptic Transmission
49 Citations1982Richard Rodnight
This chapter discusses endogenous protein phosphorylation reactions in the nervous system, and four types are discernable: a CAMP-dependent kinase; one or more Ca 2- calmodulin-dependent enzymes; the phospholipid requiring ‘C’ enzyme; and the kinase phosphorylating γ 3 .
Journal of Biological ChemistryProtein kinase translocation following beta-adrenergic receptor activation in C6 glioma cells.
49 Citations1980Joan P. Schwartz, E. Costa
The addition of cyclic AMP or of Ca2+ with or without the specific ionophore A-23187 fails to increase the protein kinase activity of nuclei from control or isoproterenol-treated cells.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - EnzymologyCalf brain phosvitin kinase. II. Purification and characterization of three different fractions of phosvitin kinase
48 Citations1973Olov Wålinder
None of the purified phosvitin kinases catalyzed the phosphorylation of histone to any appreciable extent, nor were they stimulated by cyclic AMP.
Progress in brain researchB-50 Protein Kinase and Kinase C in Rat Brain
46 Citations1982Vincent J. Aloyo, H. Zwiers +1 more
This chapter describes experiments which have lead to the conclusion that B-50 kinase is very similar if not identical to kinase C, and the implication of this finding with regard to the role of ACTH and of lipid metabolism in brain cell function is discussed.
Journal of Biological ChemistryMolecular properties and mode of action of homogeneous preparation of stimulatory modulator of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase from the heart.
46 Citations1978Mikio Shoji, Nancy L. Brackett +3 more
The “reassociated’ modulator, obtained by dialysis of the SDStreated factor, was nearly as active as and exhibited the same characteristics of the “native” modulator mentioned.
Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryRegulatory and functional compartment of three multifunctional protein kinase systems
45 Citations1979Yasutomi Nishizuka, Yoshimi Takai +5 more
Suggestive evidence is available implying that the cyclic AMP-, cyclic GMP- and Ca2+-activated three sets of protein kinase systems may play each specific physiological roles presumably owing to their own subcellular compartments.
Journal of NeurochemistryCYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES IN MURINE BRAIN: EFFECT OF HYPOTHERMIA ON ADENOSINE 3′,5’ MONOPHOSPHATE, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE, GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE AND METABOLITES FOLLOWING MAXIMAL ELECTROSHOCK OR DECAPITATION
45 Citations1976W. David Lust, Janet V. Passonneau
Investigation in murine brain following electroconvulsive shock and decapitation indicates that cyclic AMP plays a role in regulation of glycogen metabolism in cerebral cortex.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesCalcium-regulated phosphorylation in synaptosomal cytosol: dependence on calmodulin.
44 Citations1980J P O'Callaghan, Lawrence A. Dunn +1 more
The results indicate that calcium-dependent protein kinases are of major importance in regulating the phosphorylation of specific cytosolic proteins in neuronal tissue.
Archives of Biochemistry and BiophysicsSolubilization of a phosphoprotein and its associated cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphoprotein phosphatase from synaptic membrane fractions, and some kinetic evidence for their existence as a complex
43 Citations1975Tetsufumi Ueda, Stephen A. Rudolph +1 more
The kinetic data obtained for the endogenous phosphorylation and endogenous dephosphorylation of Protein II, in both the Triton extract and the NH4Cl extract, are compatible with the idea thatprotein II, its cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and its cyclo-AMP- dependent protein phosphatase, may exist in, and be extractable from, synaptic membranes in the form of a complex.
Archives of Biochemistry and BiophysicsRegulation of rat brainstem tryptophan 5-monooxygenase. Calcium-dependent reversible activation by ATP and magnesium
42 Citations1979Takashi Yamauchi, Hitoshi Fujisawa
Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase in rat brainstem cytosol was activated about twofold by incubation with 0.5 m m ATP and 5 m m MgCl2 but was not dependent on either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP.
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