Cortisol and Alzheimer's disease, I: Basal studies
American Journal of PsychiatryPublished 1 March 1986
Keith L. Davis, Belinda Davis, Blaine Greenwald, R C Mohs, Aleksander A. Mathé, Celeste A. Johns
Citations247
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score5.27
SNIP3.68
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
TL;DR
Measurements of basal plasma cortisol concentrations and dexamethasone suppression provide different information but support the notion of somewhat higher than normal cortisol concentrations in Alzheimer's disease patients.
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease and nondemented elderly control subjects participated in studies of cortisol secretion during sleep and at 9:00 a.m. and were given dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) and lumbar punctures. Nocturnal and 9:00 a.m. cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in the demented patients. CSF MHPG negatively correlated with mean nocturnal cortisol. The most severely demented patients had the highest 9:00 a.m. and mean nocturnal cortisol concentrations. DST results did not distinguish samples with substantially different nocturnal cortisol concentrations. These results suggest that measurements of basal plasma cortisol concentrations and dexamethasone suppression provide different information but support the notion of somewhat higher than normal cortisol concentrations in Alzheimer's disease patients.
Keywords
MedicineNeuroscience
Archives of General PsychiatryResearch Diagnostic Criteria
6,963 Citations1978Robert L. Spitzer
The development and initial reliability studies of a set of specific diagnostic criteria for a selected group of functional psychiatric disorders, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), indicate high reliability for diagnostic judgments made using these criteria.
The British Journal of PsychiatryThe Association Between Quantitative Measures of Dementia and of Senile Change in the Cerebral Grey Matter of Elderly Subjects
4,123 Citations1968G. Blessed, B. E. Tomlinson +1 more
The expectation of mental disorder shows a steep increase with advancing chronological age, and beyond 75 years a large part of this increase is accounted for by disorders associated with degenerative changes in the central nervous system for which the authors lack remedies at the present time.
BMJCorrelation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia.
2,049 Citations1978Elaine K. Perry, B. E. Tomlinson +4 more
The results suggest a close relation between changes in the cholinergic system and Alzheimer's dementia, but the precise role of the system in this disease remains to be elucidated.
Annals of NeurologySenile dementia of the Alzheimer type
834 Citations1983Robert D. Terry, Robert Katzman
Physiological aspects of Alzheimer's disease include a diffusely slow electroencephalogram, reduced cerebral blood flow, and particular patterns noted on positron emission tomographic scanning, thus excluding ischemia from possible pathogenetic factors.
Annual Review of NeuroscienceDementia of the Alzheimer Type
521 Citations1980Roggie Terry, Peter Davies
In recent years most investigators have agreed that it is essentially identical to the most common form of senile dementia, which is thus calledSenile dementia of the Alzheimer type, or SDAT, which was originally described as a presenile disor der occurring before age 65.
Journal of the Neurological SciencesCell loss in the locus coeruleus in senile dementia of Alzheimer type
457 Citations1981B. E. Tomlinson, Dorothy Irving +1 more
Sample counts of the pigmented cells of the locus coeruleus were performed in 10 middle-aged and 15 old people considered to be intellectually well preserved and in 15 cases of senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT).
American Journal of PsychiatryEnhancement of memory processes in Alzheimer's disease with multiple- dose intravenous physostigmine
268 Citations1982Kevin Davis, R C Mohs
The results indicate that the acute augmentation of cholinergic activity in some patients with Alzheimer's disease can partially reverse the memory deficit of that disorder and may provide an approach to the eventual therapy of this condition.
The British Journal of PsychiatryDiagnostic Accuracy in Presenile Dementia
263 Citations1979M. Ron, Brian Toone +2 more
A follow-up study of patients diagnosed as suffering from presenile dementia has revealed a high incidence of erroneous diagnoses.
Archives of General PsychiatryCortisol Hypersecretion and Cognitive Impairment in Depression
240 Citations1984David R. Rubinow
It appeared that age and depression interacted to produce severe cognitive impairment in depressed patients, and Depression-related cortisol hypersecretion or its underlying determinants may contribute to depression-related cognitive dysfunction.
American Journal of PsychiatryDexamethasone suppression test and cortisol circadian rhythm in primary degenerative dementia
215 Citations1982Murray A. Raskind, Elaine R. Peskind +3 more
The authors studied cortisol circadian rhythm and the overnight DST in 15 nondepressed patients with advanced primary degenerative dementia and 15 normal control subjects, finding that DST-positive dementia patients had a blunted predexamethasone circadian cortisol rhythm.
ScienceRelation Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylglycol
206 Citations1983Irwin J. Kopin, Edna K. Gordon +2 more
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol that is synthesized, but not catabolized, in the central nervous system maintains cerebrospinal fluid levels at an increment over those in plasma, which can be used to provide the best available index of formation of 3-methoxy
Journal of the Neurological SciencesNeuropathological and biochemical observations on the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease
172 Citations1981Elaine K. Perry, B.E. Tomlinson +4 more
The activity of the cholinergic enzyme choline acetyltransferase did not correlate significantly with the extent of Alzheimer-type abnormalities, suggesting that abnormalities of the Cholinergic system are more closely associated with specific aspects of the Alzheimer disease process than those of the noradrenergic system.
Acta Psychiatrica ScandinavicaPRESENILE DEMENTIA: THE DIFFICULTIES OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS
161 Citations1975P. N. Nott, J. J. Fleminger
A follow‐up of 35 patients first diagnosed as having presenile dementia at York Clinic is described, finding that in only 15 cases did progressive deterioration confirm the diagnosis.
The British Journal of PsychiatryDexamethasone Suppression Test and Serum Prolactin in Dementia Disorders
160 Citations1983Jan Balldin, C. G. Gottfries +4 more
Abnormal DST was related to dementia as such and not to age or depression, or to levels of CSF monoamine metabolites, and Basal serum prolactin concentrations were not increased.
NeuroendocrinologyThe Effect of Various Putative Neurotransmitters on the Release of Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone from the Hypothalamus of the Rat in vitro. I. The Effect of Acetylcholine and Noradrenaline
143 Citations2008Edward W. Hillhouse, Janet Burden +1 more
Noradrenaline (10 ng), however, was able to inhibit the release of CRH in response to acetylcholine and this action of noradrenalin was reduced by phentolamine (100 ng), an alpha adrenergic blocking agent.
Archives of General PsychiatryIncreased Plasma MHPG in Dexamethasone-Resistant Depressed Patients
130 Citations1983David C. Jimerson
The results suggest that dexamethasone resistance and adrenergic activation reflect parallel responses to illness-related stress in some depressed patients.
Journal of Mass SpectrometryMass-fragmentography of nanogram quantities of biogenic amine metabolites in human cerebrospinal fluid and whole rat brain
108 Citations1975Farouk Karoum, J. Christian Gillin +2 more
A mass fragmentographic method is described for the simultaneous assay of both the acidic and alcoholic metabolites of tyramine, octopamine, dopamine and norepinephrine, successfully applied for the measurement of nanogram quantities of these metabolites in human ventricular and lumbar cerebrospinal fluids and in the rat brain.
Archives of General PsychiatryDextroamphetamine and Cortisol in Depression
99 Citations1980Edward J. Sachar
Dextroamphetamine sulfate administered intravenously in the morning to 11 unmedicated depressed patients suppressed previously elevated plasma cortisol levels to normal in 90 minutes, a fall of 33% from baseline.
American Journal of PsychiatryCortisol secretion and dexamethasone response in depression
94 Citations1981Gregory M. Asnis, Edward J. Sachar +4 more
The authors suggest that dexamethasone resistance reflects the abnormality of cortisol hypersecretion in depression and that the 2-mg dexamETHasone suppression test is a highly specific but not very sensitive indicator of hypersecrete.
ScienceCircadian Pattern of Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid: Alteration by Anticholinergic Agents
68 Citations1967Dorothy T. Krieger, Howard P. Krieger
The hypothesis that the circadian pattern of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels reflects activation, by the central nervous system, of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis during a "critical time period" in the circadian cycle is supported.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismCircadian Variation of the Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids in Central Nervous System Disease1
68 Citations1966D. T. Krieger, H. P. Krieger
The pattern of the circadian variation of the plasma 17-OHCS was studied in 48 patients with focal disease of the central nervous system unassociated with disturbance of consciousness.
Neurobiology of AgingCentral amine metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: In vivo relationship to cognitive deficit
55 Citations1981J. John Mann, Michael Stanley +4 more
It was concluded that the dementia of Alzheimer's disease was not related to changes in central catecholamine metabolism nor was it associated with increased platelet MAO activity.
PsychoneuroendocrinologyEffects of cholinergic stimulation on pituitary hormone release
33 Citations1982Bradley A. Davis, G. Brown +4 more
Physostigmine was infused into human volunteers to assess the effect of central cholinergic stimulation on memory and on neuroendocrine function and it was found that the GH component of this response can be suppressed by peripheral Cholinergic blockade.
PsychopharmacologyCentral pharmacological control of corticosterone secretion in the intact rat. demonstration of cholinergic and serotoninergic facilitatory and ?-adrenergic inhibitory mechanisms
32 Citations1980J. A. Steiner, A. David Smith
The data suggest separate cholinergic and serotoninergic facilitation of corticosterone release in the intact rat, and support the presence of a noradrenergic inhibitory system mediated by α-adrenoceptors.
PsychoneuroendocrinologyEffects of propantheline bromide on basal growth hormone, cortisol and prolactin levels
26 Citations1983Bonnie M. Davis, Aleksander A. Mathé +3 more
Propantheline bromide, a peripheral anticholinergic drug with muscarinic and nicotinic blocking properties, was given by mouth to normal young men to significantly lowered basal growth hormone concentrations.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismThe α-Adrenoceptor Control of Adrenocorticotropin Secretion in Man
25 Citations1979Ioana Lancranjan, E. E. Ohnhaus +1 more
Results indicate that, in man, the adrenergicsystem has an inhibitory input on stress-induced ACTH secretionvia α-adrenoceptors.
Journal of the American Geriatrics SocietyNeurotransmitter Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease: Criteria for Significance
12 Citations1983Blaine Greenwald, Richard C. Mohs +1 more
A series of histopathologic, morphologic, and pharmacologic criteria are proposed to establish the significance of neurochemical deficits in Alzheimer's disease and only the cholinergic system fulfills all the criteria.
NeuroendocrinologyPlasma Cortisol of Conscious Cats during Cerebroventricular Perfusion with Adrenergic, Cholinergic and Gabanergic Antagonists
11 Citations2008A.M. Garcy, S. F. Marotta
The data suggest that basal HHA activity in the cat is maintained by a central inhibitory action of the adrenergic system on spontaneously discharging corticotropin-releasing factor neurons, and not via an adrenergic-cholinergic-gabanergic neural chain.
Acta Anaesthesiologica ScandinavicaThe Effect of Galanthanine Hydrobromide on Plasma ACTH in Patients Undergoing Anaesthesia and Surgery
9 Citations1980D. A. Cozanitis, A. Dessypris +1 more