The 1986 Herman award lecture. Nutrition science as a continually unfolding story: the folate and vitamin B-12 paradigm
American Journal of Clinical NutritionPublished 1 September 1987
Victor Herbert
Citations112
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score2.11
SNIP1.75
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Abstract
An award address presents a comprehensive technical review discusses the current state of knowledge concerning the development of nerve damage in vitamin B12 deficiency and its alleviation by folic acid. Specific attention is given to: the folate and vitamin B12 paradigm: the iron mineral model and the importance of moderation in supplementation; folate and vitamin B12 models; observations that laboratory test results become abnormal for the individual before it exceeds the range of normal for the laboratory; vitamin B12 transport; the confounding variable of iron deficiency; the absorption of vitamin B12 and its analogues; radioassays for cobalamins and noncobalamin corrinoids; the argument that vitamin B12 in food and that synthesized is not the same; the role of liver receptors for beta-galactosyl end groups of glycoproteins; vitamin B12-binding protein research involving the Australia antigen; and the sequence of events in folate deficiency etiology. Controversies in developing minimal and maximal daily requirements for folate and vitamin B12 also are discussed.(wz)
Keywords
MedicineNursing
JAMAA "New" Antigen in Leukemia Sera
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1,208 Citations1974Gilbert Ashwell, Anatol G. Morell
BloodRapid Charcoal Assay for Intrinsic Factor (IF), Gastric Juice Unsaturated B12 Binding Capacity, Antibody to IF, and Serum Unsaturated B12 Binding Capacity
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Journal of Clinical InvestigationINTERRELATIONS OF VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID METABOLISM: FOLIC ACID CLEARANCE STUDIES*
510 Citations1962Victor Herbert, Ralph Zalusky
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BloodMeasurement of Serum Vitamin B12 Level Using Radioisotope Dilution and Coated Charcoal
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Journal of Clinical InvestigationTHE ASSAY AND NATURE OF FOLIC ACID ACTIVITY IN HUMAN SERUM*
287 Citations1961Victor Herbert
New England Journal of MedicineCobalamin Analogues Are Present in Human Plasma and Can Mask Cobalamin Deficiency because Current Radioisotope Dilution Assays Are Not Specific for True Cobalamin
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NaturePurification of Anti-pernicious Anæmia Factors from Liver
240 Citations1948E. Lester Smith
From ox liver two red pigments both highly active in pernicious anaemia are prepared, and the proportions suggest that one arises from the other by proteolysis.
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ScienceRadioimmunoassay: A Probe for the Fine Structure of Biologic Systems
231 Citations1978Rosalyn S. Yalow
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Journal of Clinical InvestigationSTUDIES ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF A FOLATE COMPOUND OF HUMAN SERUM*
229 Citations1962Victor Herbert, Allan R. Larrabee +1 more
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Clinical ChemistryA Microbiologic Method for Detecting Folic Acid Deficiency in Man
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Comparison with formimino-L-glutamic acid determinations and other microbiologic assay methods shows the assay here described to yield a more dependable estimate of the folic acid status in humans.
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Journal of the American Dietetic AssociationVitamin/mineral supplement use: A telephone survey of adults in the United States ,
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Archives of Internal MedicineMinimal Daily Adult Folate Requirement
148 Citations1962Victor Herbert
The minimal daily adult requirement for folic acid was equated with that amount of pteroylglutamic acid required to maintain normality of the earliest in the present study.
British Journal of HaematologyEvidence that Lithium Induces Human Granulocyte Proliferation: Elevated Serum Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Binding Capacity <i>in Vivo</i> and Granulocyte Colony Proliferation <i>in Vitro</i>
132 Citations1973Glenn Tisman, Victor Herbert +1 more
These findings, plus the finding of elevated unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity in patients with granulocytosis induced by lithium carbonate, suggests that such therapy produces a true increase in the body granulocyte pool, and the possible value of lithium therapy in neutropenic states in man requires exploration.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationIN VITRO ASSAY FOR HUMAN INTRINSIC FACTOR*
123 Citations1963Louis W. Sullivan, Victor Herbert +1 more
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122 Citations1969Ralph Carmel, Victor Herbert
Persistent deficiency of serum B 12 -binding alpha-1 globulin was demonstrated in two brothers, manifesting primarily as low serum B 13 levels, and no evidence of metabolic B 12 deficiency could be found.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionRecommended dietary intakes (RDI) of folate in humans
112 Citations1987Victor Herbert
Recommendations appropriate to this extensive evidence are presented that 3 micrograms folate/kg (6.8 nmol/kg) body weight daily will not only maintain adequate folate nutriture but also a substantial reserve body pool in normal persons.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionAre iron-folate supplements harmful?
110 Citations1987Karen Simmer, C Iles +2 more
Routine iron and folate supplementation may both have deleterious effects on zinc metabolism, especially during pregnancy when iron-folate supplements are often prescribed despite adequate dietary intakes of iron andfolate but not of zinc.
JAMAMegaloblastic Changes in the Cervical Epithelium
108 Citations1973Nancy Whitehead
It is hypothesized that oral contraceptive agents induce a localized interference with folate metabolism at the end organ level.
BloodB12 Dependence of Cell Uptake of Serum Folate: An Explanation for High Serum Folate and Cell Folate Depletion in B12 Deficiency
99 Citations1973Glenn Tisman, Victor Herbert
Bone marrow cells from patients with vitamin B12 deficiency took up much less N5-methyltetrahydrofolate than did normal bone marrow cells but showed no significant reduction in pterolyglutamate uptake, which supports the concept of a B12 requirement for cell uptake of MeTHF.
JAMADestruction of Vitamin B12 by Ascorbic Acid
99 Citations1974Victor Herbert
High doses of vitamin C, popularly used as a home remedy against the common cold, destroy substantial amounts of vitamin B when ingested with food, and daily ingestion of 0.5 gm or more of ascorbic acid without regular evaluation ofitamin B 12 status is probably unwise.
The American Journal of MedicineDrugs, toxins and dietary amino acids affecting vitamin B12 or folic acid absorption or utilization
97 Citations1970Samuel Waxman, Joséj. Corcino +1 more
Comparison of short-term cultures of human bone marrow with similar cultures of pathogenic microorganisms or neoplastic cells can measure the relative effects of new or suspected FAA on folate-dependent steps in DNA synthesis in vitro and may make it possible to predict use in vivo.
BloodRadioisotopic Assay for Measurement of Serum Folate Levels
96 Citations1971Samuel Waxman, C. Schreiber +1 more
A radioisotopic assay is reported that accurately measures an almost identical serum folate to that measured by Lactobacillus casei and can separate low, borderline, and normal folate levels.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionFolic Acid Binding by Serum and Milk
96 Citations1968J. Metz, Ralph Zalusky +1 more
Journal of Clinical InvestigationIn Vitro Myelosuppression and Immunosuppression by Ethanol
91 Citations1973Glenn Tisman, Victor Herbert
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American Journal of Clinical NutritionRecommended dietary intakes (RDI) of iron in humans
89 Citations1987Victor Herbert
Evidence is presented that requirements for dietary iron must take into account increasing percentage absorbability of iron from plant foods as quantity of iron in such foods decreases and, also, toxicity of iron increases.
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85 Citations1985I. Chanarin, Anna-Marie O'Hea +3 more
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American Journal of Clinical NutritionRecommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin B-12 in humans
85 Citations1987Victor Herbert
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81 Citations1978Robert H. Allen, Bellur Seetharam +3 more
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78 Citations1987James R. Olson, R E HODGES
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77 Citations1974J. M. Scott, F. J. Bloomfield +2 more
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BloodSeparation of Vitamin B12-Binding Proteins of Serum, Gastric Juice and Saliva by Rapid DEAE Cellulose Chromatography
74 Citations1967FRANCOIS P. RETIEF, Chester W. Gottlieb +3 more
A method of DEAE cellulose chromatography is described whereby the main vitamin B12 binders in serum, gastric juice and saliva may be separated into two distinct fractions, one containing alpha-globulin binder and the other containing beta- globulin B12 binder, in less than 2 hours.
British Journal of HaematologyInhibitory Effect of Eggs on Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Absorption: Description of a Simple Ovalbumin <sup>57</sup>Co‐Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Absorption Test
71 Citations1976Alfred Doscherholmen, J. McMahon +1 more
Ovalbumin and egg yolks, mixed separately in vitro with radiocyanocobalamin (57Co‐vitamin B12), were served to normal volunteers in a cooked form and observed to inhibit vitamin B12 absorption, explaining the rather poor assimilation of vitamin B 12 from eggs labelled in vivo with 57Co‐Vitamin B 12.
British Journal of HaematologyThe Lymphocyte as a Marker of Past Nutritional Status: Persistence of Abnormal Lymphocyte Deoxyuridine (dU) Suppression Test and Chromosomes in Patients with Past Deficiency of Folate and Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>*
70 Citations1978K. C. Das, Victor Herbert
These studies suggest that an abnormal lymphocyte dU suppression test corrected by the appropriate vitamin in vitro, and characteristic chromosome abnormalities in lymphocytes, when these are absent in the bone marrow, indicate past deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate, and can be used for retrospective diagnosis of these deficiencies in patients treated by ‘shotgun’ therapy.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationDIVALENT CATION AND pH DEPENDENCE OF RAT INTRINSIC FACTOR ACTION IN EVERTED SACS AND MUCOSAL HOMOGENATES OF RAT SMALL INTESTINE*
68 Citations1961Victor Herbert, William B. Castle
MedicineNOTES ON VITAMIN B12 ABSORPTION; AUTOIMMUNITY AND CHILDHOOD PERNICIOUS ANEMIA; RELATION OF INTRINSIC FACTOR TO BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCE
65 Citations1964Victor Herbert, Richard R. Streiff +1 more
Journal of Clinical InvestigationDefective DNA synthesis in human megaloblastic bone marrow: effects of homocysteine and methionine
64 Citations1969Samuel Waxman, J. Metz +1 more
The homocysteine effect in B(12)-deficient marrow supports the possibility that there is in man an additional B( 12)-independent pathway for regeneration of THFA by methylation of homocy steine to form methionine.
PubMedRadioassay for serum and red cell folate.
62 Citations1976D.L. Longo, V. Herbert
A simple, reliable assay for serum and red cell folate is described, which simplifies counting radioactivity by employing a gamma emitting isotope of pteroylglutamic acid (PGA), namely the 125I-tyramide of PGA.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionNutritional Requirements for Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid
62 Citations1968Victor Herbert
BloodCorrelation Between Various Blood White Cell Pools and the Serum B12-binding Capacities
60 Citations1971G. Chikkappa, J. J. Corcino +2 more
At least part of the serum B 12 -binding protein appears to be derived from the neutrophil and from the eosinophil but little or none from the myeloblast.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationRelease of vitamin B12—binding protein by human leukocytes in vitro
59 Citations1970José J. Corcino, Stephen Krauss +2 more
Findings suggest that the release of B(12)BP from G is mediated by an active process and provide further evidence that granulocytes are secretory as well as phagocytic cells.
Vitamins and hormonesThe Role of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid in Hemato- and Other Cell-Poiesis
59 Citations1976Victor Herbert, K. C. Das
The “5-methyltetrahydrofolate trap hypothesis” offers a satisfactory explanation for most of the clinical and biochemical similarities of vitamin B 12 and folate deficiency in man.
American Journal of Clinical NutritionVitamin B12 assimilation from chicken meat
58 Citations1978Alfred Doscherholmen, J. McMahon +1 more
Patients with pernicious anemia showed insignificant urinary radioactivities in a standardized urinary excretion test using chicken meat whereas subjects with simple gastric achlorhydria and partial gastrectomy had subnormal values although their absorption of crystalline radiocyanocobalamin was normal.
Archives of Internal MedicineMasked Megaloblastic Anemia
57 Citations1982Jerry L. Spivak
In six patients, eight episodes of anemia associated with folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency were unaccompanied by macrocytosis and giant metamyelocytes were present in the marrow in all of the episodes and provided an important clue to the presence of the vitamin deficiency state.
British Journal of HaematologyUnmasking Covert Folate Deficiency in Iron‐Deficient Subjects with Neutrophil Hypersegmentation: dU Suppression Tests on Lymphocytes and Bone Marrow
57 Citations1978K. C. Das, Victor Herbert +2 more
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56 Citations1973Victor Herbert, Glenn Tisman +2 more
It is demonstrated that in normoblastic human bone marrow the incorporation of triated thymidine into DNA‐thymine is suppressed to less than 10% of control value by preincubation of bone marrow cells for 1 hr with deoxyuridine (dU), but in megaloblastic marrow cells there is less suppression.
GastroenterologyVitamin B12 Uptake by Human Small Bowel Homogenate and its Enhancement by Intrinsic Factor
55 Citations1969Ralph Carmel, Arthur Rosenberg +3 more
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British Journal of HaematologyCoexistence of Pernicious Anaemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: An Experiment of Nature Involving Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> Metabolism
54 Citations1971J. J. Corcino, Ralph Zalusky +2 more
Short‐term culture of his peripheral blood cells showed deranged DNA synthesis of the type observed in vitamin B12 deficiency, indicating that his ‘normal’ serum vitamin B 12 level was not associated with normal amounts ofitamin B12 available to his CML cells.
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51 Citations1969Harriet S. Gilbert, STEPHEN KRAUSS +3 more
BloodTotal folate binding capacity of normal human plasma, and variations in uremia, cirrhosis, and pregnancy
50 Citations1976N Colman, V Herbert
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BloodDelivery of Co57B12 to Erythrocytes from α and β Globulin of Normal, B12-Deficient, and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Serum
50 Citations1967FRANCOIS P. RETIEF, Chester W. Gottlieb +4 more
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Annals of Internal MedicineMechanism of Triamterene-Induced Megaloblastosis
48 Citations1970José J. Corcino, SAMUEL WAXMAN +1 more
A patient with cirrhosis of the liver who developed megaloblastosis despite normal serum and red cell folate levels after receiving conventional doses of triamterene for 2 weeks is described.
New England Journal of MedicineThe Jejunal Mucosa in Patients with Nutritional Folate Deficiency and Megaloblastic Anemia
48 Citations1965Sidney J. Winawer, Louis W. Sullivan +2 more
The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether nutritional folate deficiency of sufficient degree to cause megaloblastic changes in the hematopoietic tissues would be associated with significantChanges in the jejunal mucosa.
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47 Citations1982H Kondo, Mitchell Binder +4 more
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47 Citations1982Ralph Green, W Kühl +4 more
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46 Citations1965Louis W. Sullivan, Victor Herbert
It is found that parenteral administration of cyanocobalamin, in doses of 0.25 to 1.0 microgm.
JAMASpirulina and Vitamin B12
46 Citations1982V. Herbert, George Drivas
Radioassays suggest that more than 80% of what appears to be "vitamin B 12" by microbiologic assay is in fact "true B 12".
American Journal of Obstetrics and GynecologyFolic acid deficiency in the United States: Folate assays in a prenatal clinic
45 Citations1975Victor Herbert, Neville Colman +7 more
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BloodMeasurement of the Amounts of the Individual Vitamin B12 Binding Proteins in Plasma
44 Citations1966Charles A. Hall, Alexander E. Finkler
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44 Citations1978Victor Herbert, Elizabeth Jacob +3 more
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Annals of Internal MedicineCoexistent Pernicious Anemia and Malabsorption in Four Patients
42 Citations1966Eugene A. Brody, SOLOMON ESTREN +1 more
Evaluation of patients with megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B 12deficiency includes absorption studies using radioactive labeled vitamin B12and intrinsic factor and intrinsic factor.
GastroenterologyFolic Acid Absorption in Man: Enhancing Effect of Glucose
39 Citations1971Charles D. Gerson, N. L. Cohen +4 more
There was a significantly positive correlation between folate absorption and water absorption for all subjects and the addition of glucose resulted in a marked increase in folic acid absorption as well as in sodium andWater absorption.
Journal of Biological ChemistryHog Intrinsic Factor
38 Citations1967Derek R. Highley, M.C. Davies +1 more
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37 Citations1983S Kanazawa, Victor Herbert
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37 Citations1977Elizabeth Jacob, K. Wong +1 more
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The LancetINTRINSIC-FACTOR ANTIBODY IN THE SALIVA OF A PATIENT WITH PERNICIOUS ANÆMIA
36 Citations1967Ralph Carmel, Victor Herbert
An antibody to intrinsic factor has been found in the saliva of a patient with pernicious anaemia and may neutralise intrinsic-factor activity and thereby accelerate vitamin-B 12 deficiency.
BloodTransplacentally Acquired Antibody to Intrinsic Factor with Vitamin B12 Deficiency
33 Citations1967SHULAMITH BAR-SHANY, Victor Herbert
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33 Citations1986Victor Herbert
“Unproven” is a euphemism for questionable, and any proposed cancer prevention or treatment modality which has not successfully answered the above efficacy question plus one of the two safety questions is by definition questionable.
Nutrition Reviews1986 E.V. McCOLLUM INTERNATIONAL LECTURESHIP IN NUTRITION. Toward Harmonization of Dietary, Biochemical, and Clinical Assessments: The Meanings of Nutritional Status and Requirements
31 Citations2009George H. Beaton
Experimental Biology and MedicineFormiminoglutamicaciduria in Humans with Megaloblastic Anemia: Diminution by Methionine or Glycine.
30 Citations1963Victor Herbert, L W Sullivan
Five patients with megaloblastic anemia due to Vit.
BloodBrief Report: Rapid Determination of Vitamin Bl2-Binding α and β 3 Globulin in Serum
29 Citations1968E. Silverstein, Victor Herbert
A procedure has been described for the rapid and separate measurement of B 12 -binding α- and β-globulins using the batch technic.
British Journal of HaematologyLeucocyte Folate in Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and Folate Deficiency and in Leukaemia
29 Citations1967A. V. Hoffbrand, Beverley F. A. Newcombe
Leucocyte folate concentrations were measured in 24 normal subjects, in 32 patients with subnormal serum folATE concentrations and normal serum B12 concentrations associated with chronic gastro‐intestinal disease, in seven patients with leukaemia, and in 10 patients with untreated pernicious anaemia.
British Journal of HaematologyUptake of Tritiated Folates by Human Bone Marrow Cells <i>in Vitro</i>
28 Citations1971J. J. Corcino, Susannah Waxman +1 more
The findings support the concept of two mechanisms for folate uptake by human reticulocytes and bone marrow cells: an energy‐dependent, active carrier mechanism probably of primary physiologic significance, and a seemingly passive diffusion‐like mechanism, probably primarily of pharmacologic significance.
BloodVitamin B12-binding Protein of Leukocytes as a Possible Major Source of the Third Vitamin B12-binding Protein of Serum
28 Citations1972Ralph Carmel, Victor Herbert
It is suggested that leukocytic BBP is probably heterogenous and that its major component resembles the third serum BBP more than it does TC I.
Clinical ChemistrySimplifying lymphocyte culture and the deoxyuridine suppression test by using whole blood (0.1 mL) instead of separated lymphocytes.
28 Citations1980K. C. Das, Cathy Manusselis +1 more
Radionucleoside incorporation peaked in normal lymphocytes on day 4 (i.e., a day later than in culture of separated lymphocytes) and on day 8 in lymphocytes from cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in a microscale technique of lymphocyte culture.
Journal of Biological ChemistryBiochemical and ultrastructural hepatic changes during vitamin B12 deficiency in animals and man.
27 Citations1976E. P. Frenkel, A Mukherjee +2 more
In the livers from vitamin B12-deficient animals there is an increased activity of the otherwise highly constant Krebs cycle enzyme citrate synthase, and in both animals and man there are increased mitochondrial cristae membranes.
PubMedThe ileum is the major site of absorption of vitamin B12 analogues.
27 Citations1989S. Shaw, Elizabeth Jayatilleke +4 more
It is suggested that serum B12 analogues are absorbed in the ileum by a mechanism independent of intrinsic factor, and that colonic bacteria and endogenous metabolism of vitamin B12 do not contribute significantly to their level.
Experimental Biology and MedicineStoichiometric Relation between Liver-Receptor, Intrinsic Factor and Vitamin B12.
25 Citations1960Victor Herbert, Zaida Castro +1 more
Receptors for intrinsic factor exist in rat, bull, and rabbit liver Homogenate precipitate, and remain intact after lyophilization and acetone-washing of the homogenate, and there appears to be a stoichiometric relation between receptors, intrinsic factor, and Vit.
PubMedIs there a "gold standard" for human serum vitamin B12 assay?
25 Citations1984Victor Herbert, Neville Colman +7 more
The key to reliable results appears not to reside in a particular assay but rather in determining for each assay its own range of results in participants determined clinically and morphologically normal vs. participants with deficient vitamin B12 (with B12 deficiency defined independently of a serum B12 assay).
American Journal of Clinical NutritionIntestinal absorption using vibration-obtained individual small bowel epithelial cells of the rat: folate absorption
23 Citations1973Shahab Momtazi, Victor Herbert
If such cell preparations could be used to study 3H pteroylglutamic acid (3HPGA) absorption, the system would be susceptible to easy study of various factors affecting folate absorption across the intestinal wall, as compared with other methods.
Experimental Biology and MedicineDevelopment of a Possible in vitro Assay for Intrinsic Factor.
20 Citations1958Victor Herbert
From these facts the hypothesis was derived that receptors for intrinsic factor may exist on rat liver slices, and that these receptors can “take up” either free intrinsic factor or intrinsic factor to which Co60-B12 is attached.
Mayo Clinic ProceedingsHemochromatosis: The Neglected Diagnosis
20 Citations1986Virgil F. Fairbanks, William P. Baldus
New England Journal of MedicinePredicting Nutrient Deficiency by Formula
20 Citations1971Victor Herbert
Almost a decade ago, it was noted, in the issue of Archives of Internal Medicine honoring Maxwell Finland, that the minimal adult requirement for folic acid to sustain normality was in the range of 0.1% to 0.5% of the recommended daily intake.
Megaloblastic Anemias
19 Citations1985James N. Martin, John C. Morrison
Seminars in Nuclear MedicineDetection of malabsorption of vitamin B12 due to gastric or intestinal dysfunction
17 Citations1972Victor Herbert
Every patient with B 12 malabsorption that is not unequivocally of a single cause should be retested after therapy to separate primary from secondary mal absorption.
British Journal of Haematology<i>In Vitro</i> DNA Synthesis by Bone Marrow Cells and PHA‐stimulated Lymphocytes. Suppression by Nonradioactive Thymidine of the Incorporation of <sup>3</sup>H‐Deoxyuridine into DNA: Enhancement of Incorporation when Inadequate Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> or Folate is Corrected
16 Citations1980K. C. Das, Cathy Manusselis +1 more
The findings support the theoretical concept that the dU suppression test defines biochemical megaloblastosis due to deficiency of folate and vitamin B12 and demonstrate reciprocity of the salvage and the de novo pathways of thymine‐DNA synthesis.
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyRelease of Vitamin Binding Proteins from Granulocytes by Lithium: Vitamin B12 and Folate Binding Proteins
16 Citations1980Victor Herbert, Neville Colman
Joint investigation with a psychiatrist using lithium in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis confirmed that some of his patients receiving lithium appeared to have mild leukocytosis, and learned that this phenomenon had been observed as far back as 1955.
Journal of Clinical InvestigationBLOCKING OF HOG INTRINSIC FACTOR BY HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE AND CERTAIN MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES, INCLUDING BLOOD GROUP SUBSTANCE*
15 Citations1961Zaida Castro, Victor Herbert +1 more
This report is concerned with blocking of the receptor sites for hog intrinsic factor by human gastric juice and certain mucopolysaccharides, including blood group substance.
Advances in Tracer MethodologyCoated Charcoal Assay of Vitamins, Minerals, Hormones, and Their Binders
13 Citations1968Victor Herbert, Kam‐Seng Lau +1 more
Adsorption by charcoal occurs almost instantaneously, as demonstrated by the rapid decolorization of caramelized sugar solutions when passed through charcoal columns (column chromatography) or shaken with charcoal (batch separation).
BloodBrief Report: Coated Charcoal Assay of Erythrocyte Vitamin B12 Levels
12 Citations1967A. K. Kelly, Victor Herbert
A rapid, reproducible coated charcoal assay for vitamin B12 in erythrocytes is described and results are almost identical to those of microbiologic assay.
Experimental Biology and MedicineCobalamin (Vitamin B12) Analogs Are Absent in Plasma of Fruit Bats Exposed to Nitrous Oxide
11 Citations1982Justin Westhuyzen, F. Fernandes‐Costa +4 more
Fruit bats are an animal model for the neurologic damage which occurs in vitamin B12-deficient humans, and cobalamin analogs were not detected in the plasma of fruit bats treated with nitrous oxide, which inactivates cobalamina.
PubMedCobalamin-specific R binder in pernicious anemia gastric juice: production by digestive enzyme action on saliva R binder.
10 Citations1985Herzlich Bc, Herbert
Cobalamin-specific R binder, perhaps produced in vivo by the action of refluxed pancreatic enzymes on swallowed R would preferentially bind ingested and/or biliary cobalamin rather than analogue and thereby could play a role in hastening the development of cobalamina deficiency in pernicious anemia.
American Journal of HematologyAbnormal lymphocyte deoxyuridine suppression test: A reliable indicator of decreased lymphocyte folate levels
10 Citations1980Neville Colman, Victor Herbert
The use of the lymphocyte dU suppression test as a means of detecting folate deficiency in this cell line is validated and vitamin availability was closely correlated with folate levels in radioassay and less well correlated with vitamin B12 levels in the cell.
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