The scanning model for translation: an update.
The Journal of Cell BiologyPublished 1 February 1989Open access
M Kozak
Citations3,535
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score3.36
SNIP1.52
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TL;DR
The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation.
Abstract
The small (40S) subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes is believed to bind initially at the capped 5'-end of messenger RNA and then migrate, stopping at the first AUG codon in a favorable context for initiating translation. The first-AUG rule is not absolute, but there are rules for breaking the rule. Some anomalous observations that seemed to contradict the scanning mechanism now appear to be artifacts. A few genuine anomalies remain unexplained.
Keywords
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BiochemistryAmino acid sequence of human histidine-rich glycoprotein derived from the nucleotide sequence of its cDNA
176 Citations1986Takehiko Koide, Donald C. Foster +2 more
A lambda gt 11 library containing cDNA inserts prepared from human liver mRNA has been screened with an affinity-purified antibody to human histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and then with a restriction fragment isolated from the 5' end of the largest cDNA insert obtained by antibody screening.
Advances in virus researchRegulation of Protein Synthesis in Virus-Infected Animal Cells
176 Citations1986Marilyn Kozak
This chapter summarizes the structural features that govern the translation of viral mRNAs: where the synthesis of a protein starts and ends, how many proteins can be produced from one mRNA, and how efficiently.
Journal of VirologyIdentification of a signal in a murine retrovirus that is sufficient for packaging of nonretroviral RNA into virions
174 Citations1988Mohammed Adam, A. Dusty Miller
To define sequences which are necessary and sufficient for encapsidation of murine leukemia virus RNA into virions, various fragments from an MoMLV-based retroviral vector are inserted into a nonretroviral transcription unit, transfected these constructs into retrovirus-packaging cells, and packaging of RNA transcribed from these constructs are measured.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesThe cross-pathway control gene of Neurospora crassa, cpc-1, encodes a protein similar to GCN4 of yeast and the DNA-binding domain of the oncogene v-jun-encoded protein.
172 Citations1988Janet L. Paluh, Marc J. Orbach +2 more
The structural and functional similarities of CPC1 and GCN4 proteins suggest that cpc-1 encodes the analogous transcriptional activator of N. crassa.
Journal of VirologyAn RNA sequence of hundreds of nucleotides at the 5' end of poliovirus RNA is involved in allowing viral protein synthesis
172 Citations1988Didier Trono, Raul Andino +1 more
The results imply that these three poliovirus mutants map in a region (region P) primarily involved in viral protein synthesis and that their inability to shut off host cell translation is secondary to a quantitative defect in protein 2A.
The EMBO JournalRibosomal initiation from an ACG codon in the Sendai virus P/C mRNA.
171 Citations1988Joseph Curran, Dan Kolakofsky
Examination of the relative molar amounts of the C′, P and C proteins found in vivo suggests that an ACG in an otherwise favorable context is almost as efficient for ribosome initiation as an ATG in a less favored context, but only 10‐20% as efficient as an AtG in the more favored context.
NatureIdentification of the SV40 agnogene product: a DNA binding protein
169 Citations1981Gilbert Jay, Shigeko Nomura +2 more
The detection of a novel protein of molecular weight (Mr) 7,900 (61 amino acids) in cells lytically infected by SV40 is reported; its identity has been confirmed by comparing the amino-terminal sequence with that predicted from the SV40 nucleotide sequence.
Molecular and Cellular BiologymRNA Structures Influencing Translation in the Yeast<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>
167 Citations1988S B Baim, Fred Sherman
Investigation of the mRNA sequence and structures that modify and are required for translation of iso-1-cytochrome c in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae found that there is no specific sequence adjacent to the AUG initiator codon required for efficient translation, and introduction of hairpin structures in the vicinity of the Aug initiators codon inhibited translation.
Molecular and Cellular BiologyThe Rat α-Tropomyosin Gene Generates a Minimum of Six Different mRNAs Coding for Striated, Smooth, and Nonmuscle Isoforms by Alternative Splicing
165 Citations1988David F. Wieczorek, Christopher W. J. Smith +1 more
Structural and sequence comparisons among TM genes from different phyla suggest that alternative splicing is evolutionarily a very old event that played an important role in gene evolution and might have appeared concomitantly with or even before constitutive splicing.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDirect mapping of adeno-associated virus capsid proteins B and C: a possible ACG initiation codon.
165 Citations1985Soraya Becerra, J. A. Rose +3 more
The data suggest that the nt 2615 ACG codon directs the methionyl-tRNA-dependent initiation of the AAV2 B capsid protein, indicating that synthesis of each protein is initiated independently.
Molecular and Cellular BiologyLeader length and secondary structure modulate mRNA function under conditions of stress.
162 Citations1988M Kozak
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