Top Research Papers on Creatine

The goal of this chapter is to summarize how creatine and its associated enzyme, creatine kinase, act under normal physiological conditions, and how altered levels of either may lead to detrimental functional outcomes.

Considering an acceptable creatine intake of 3 g per day, most of the evaluated creatine forms are unlikely to pose safety concerns, however some safety concerns regarding a supplementary intake of creatine orotate, creatine phosphate, and magnesium creatine chelate are discussed here.

Creatine (Cr) is needed to maintain high energy levels in cells. Since Cr plays reportedly a critical role in neurodevelopment and the immune system, Cr dynamics should be strictly regulated to control these physiological events. This review focuses on the role of transporters that recognize Cr and/or Cr precursors. Our previous studies revealed physiological roles of SLC6A and SLC16A family transporters in Cr dynamics. Creatine transporter (CRT/SLC6A8) contributes to the influx transport of Cr in Cr distribution. γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter 2 (GAT2/SLC6A13) mediates incorporation of guani...

Creatine is pivotal in energy metabolism of the brain. In primary creatine deficiency syndromes, creatine is missing from the brain. Two of them (AGAT and GAMT deficiency) are due to impaired creatine synthesis, and can be treated by creatine supplementation. By contrast, creatine transporter deficiency cannot be treated by such supplementation, since creatine crossing of biological membranes (plasma membrane and blood-brain barrier) is dependent on its transporter. This problem might be overcome by modifying the creatine molecule to allow it to cross biological membranes independently of its ...

A greater understanding of these pathways, and the consequences of alterations to creatine bioavailability in females are needed to ensure that creatine is used to full advantage as a dietary supplement to optimize and enhance health outcomes for women.

It is shown that Slc6a8-/y mice have widely varying organ-specific uptake of Cr-d3, significantly diminished growth with the exception of brain, progressive vacuolar myopathy, and markedly shortened lifespan.

The GC method for simultaneous determination of GAA and Cr in human saliva is fast, reliable, sensitive, non-invasive and precise to use as a biochemical approach in early detection of cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes.

CKi is developed to uncover an essential role for CKs in the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages and rapidly and selectively deplete creatine phosphate, and drive toxicity selectively in CK-dependent acute myeloid leukemia.

Diagnosis of macro‐CK type 1 obviates the need to carry out pointless and expensive investigations seeking a neuromuscular or cardiac pathology, and also, the unwarranted discontinuation of statin therapy.

It is hypothesize that creatine supplementation may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving vascular health in at-risk populations such as older adults or those with CVD.

It is concluded that Creatine HCl and creatine Monohydrate improve performance but only creatine HCl induces changes on body composition in recreational weightlifters with differences between creatine H cl doses.

Isotretinoin has been reported to elevate creatine kinase, which may lead to fatal rhabdomyolysis.

Insights from the recent molecular, animal and human case studies of CTD add toward understanding of this complex disorder and reveal the wide-ranging effects elicited upon CRT1 dysfunction, which grants novel therapeutic prospects for the treatment of patients afflicted with CTD.

It is shown that creatine kinase B (CKB) is indispensable for thermogenesis resulting from the futile creatine cycle, during which it traffics to mitochondria using an internal mitochondrial targeting sequence.

While creatine appears to be safe and effective for particular settings, whether creatine supplementation leads to improved performance on the field of play remains unknown.

A disease-driven brain creatine deficit could be seen as a distinctive pathological facet of severe MS that might be approached with targeted therapies in aim to restore creatine homeostasis.

Creatine is a popular and widely used ergogenic dietary supplement among athletes, for which studies have consistently shown increased lean muscle mass and exercise capacity when used with short-duration, high-intensity exercise.

Identification of patients with CTD is possible by measuring urine Cr and Crn levels and the current case adds to the growing literature of neurocognitive deficits associated with the disorder that affect cognition, language and behavior in childhood.

Observations that creatine supplementation can prevent hepatic steatosis in a rodent model may be a function of the route of dietary assimilation, and Creatine supplementation has also been reported to improve the intestinal barrierfunction of the rodent suffering from inflammatory bowel disease.

Proof-of-principle that elevated creatine protects the heart from ischaemia-reperfusion injury is demonstrated, which suggests activation of the CrT as a major unmet pharmacological target.