Top Research Papers on Water Quality

Water quality index (WQI) is valuable and unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in a single term that is helpful for the selection of appropriate treatment technique to meet the concerned issues. However, WQI depicts the composite influence of different water quality parameters and communicates water quality information to the public and legislative decision makers. In spite of absence of a globally accepted composite index of water quality, some countries have used and are using aggregated water quality data in the development of water quality indices. Attempts have been ma...

This study is based on hydrogeochemical and biological parameters and calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI) to assess water quality of a rural tract in five districts of Garhwal and Kumaon district of Uttarakhand, India. The drinking water quality parameters are pH, Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Turbidity, Iron (Fe), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Dissolved Solids (TDS), Sulphate (SO4), Nitrate (NO3), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Arsenic (As), conductivity, Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform and Total Residual Chlorine. It was observed that the physicochemical properties were as per BIS standards ...

The water quality index (WQI) model is a popular tool for evaluating surface water quality. It uses aggregation techniques that allow conversion of extensive water quality data into a single value or index. Globally, the WQI model has been applied to evaluate water quality (surface water and groundwater) based on local water quality criteria. Since its development in the 1960s, it has become a popular tool due to its generalised structure and ease-of-use. Commonly, WQI models involve four consecutive stages; these are (1) selection of the water quality parameters, (2) generation of sub-indices...

Overall, aquatic ecosystem integrity remains acutely at risk across Europe, signaling the demand for continued improvements in environmental quality assessments.

Human life comes to a standstill as many countries shut themselves off from the work due to the novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) that hit the world severely in the first quarter of 2020. All types of industries, vehicle movement, and people's activity suddenly halted, perhaps for the first time in modern history. For a long time, it has been stated in various literature that the increased industrialization and anthropogenic activities in the last two decades polluted the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Since the industries and people's activities have been shut off for a m...

Surface water quality modelling has become an important means of better understanding aquatic and riparian ecosystem processes at all scales, from the micro-scale (e [...]

It is demonstrated that deep learning methods can help address data scarcity by filling temporal and spatial gaps and aid in formulating and testing hypotheses via identifying influential drivers of water quality.

The results demonstrated that the water quality status of the MR of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China has been steadily maintained at an "excellent" level during the monitoring period, and the proposed WQImin model is a useful and efficient tool to evaluate and manage the waterquality.

Here, we present an improved water quality index (WQI) model for assessment of coastal water quality using Cork Harbour, Ireland, as the case study. The model involves the usual four WQI components – selection of water quality indicators for inclusion, sub-indexing of indicator values, sub-index weighting and sub-index aggregation – with improvements to make the approach more objective and data-driven and less susceptible to eclipsing and ambiguity errors. The model uses the machine learning algorithm, XGBoost, to rank and select water quality indicators for inclusion based on relative importa...

This study aims at assessment the water quality condition in the rivers of Lake Chaohu Basin (LCB), and exploring the crucial parameters affecting its water quality. Four sampling activities were conducted seasonally from April to December in 2018 at 83 sites covering main rivers of LCB. We measured 15 physicochemical parameters, such as turbidity (tur), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), and permanganate index (CODMn). There were significant differences of the 15 environmental parameters (except T) on spatial level, and three significant groups (i.e., Group I, II, and I...

Abstract The Doyang River of Wokha district, Nagaland, NE India, has a strong economic and traditional attachment to the local people. It provides sufficient fertile plains and slopes for cultivation, good grounds for community fishing and hunting. It is not only important for the people of Wokha but also for the state of Nagaland because of the rich natural resources it provides. This study was conducted to assess the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Doyang River from eight selected sampling stations. Maximum WQI values were recorded during monsoon season in all the stations followed by pre-m...

Abstract This research aims at using a combined water quality index (WQI) and pollution index (PI) to assess and characterize river water quality of Cau River which is one of the longest rivers in the north of Vietnam. Five different water quality and water pollution indices were used including the Water Quality Index (WQI), Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI), Organic Pollution Index (OPI), Eutrophication Index (EI), and Trace Metal Pollution Index (TPI). The combined water pollution indices show more serious pollution towards the river downstream. In particular, CPI and OPI reveal a high ris...

The water quality of Çorlu Stream, located in the Thrace region of Türkiye, and exposed to intense industrial pressure, was evaluated by monitoring 10 toxic metals and 13 other water quality variables in the dry and wet seasons of 2021. Seven different water quality indices were applied to determine the pollution level at the sampling stations in the stream. In addition, human health risks from exposure to toxic metals in stream water via ingestion and dermal contact were evaluated. The results showed that the water quality at stations S2 and S3 of Çorlu Stream receiving domestic and industria...

The second edition updates and reviews the application of bioanalytical tools for water quality assessment including surveillance monitoring and focuses on applications to water quality assessment ranging from wastewater to drinking water, as well as treatment processes and advanced water treatment.

General Considerations: Constructed Wetlands: Scientific Foundations are Critical (R. Wetzel). Wastewater Treatment in Constructed Wetlands System Design, Removal Processes, and Treatment Performance (H. Brix). Constructed Wetlands and Aquatic Plant Systems: Research, Design, Operational, and Monitoring Issues (G. Tchobanoglous). Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment: Performance Database (R. Knight, R. Kadlec, and S. Reed). The Use of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment and Recycling (R. Bastian and D. Hammer). Constructed Wetlands Experience in the Southeast (R. Freeman, Jr.). Engineer...

Water quality is generally high in watercourses draining forested areas. However, forest management can lead to detrimental effects on water quality and the aquatic environment. Key concerns include diffuse pollution, carbon transport and harmful effects on freshwater ecology.Here, we undertake a review of the effects of a range of forestry activities including cultivation and site preparation, fertilisation and harvesting on water quality.We attempt to summarise the literature across a wide geographical area focusing on empirical studies. Studies report a wide range of water quality impacts a...

Abstract Water scarcity threatens people in various regions, and has predominantly been studied from a water quantity perspective only. Here we show that global water scarcity is driven by both water quantity and water quality issues, and quantify expansions in clean water technologies (i.e. desalination and treated wastewater reuse) to ‘reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity’ as urgently required by UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6. Including water quality (i.e. water temperature, salinity, organic pollution and nutrients) contributes to an increase in percentage of worl...

Surface water is heavily exposed to contamination as this is the ubiquitous source for most of the water needs. This situation is exaggerated by the excessive population, heavy industrialization, rapid urbanization, and improper sanitation. Comprehensive measurement and knowledge extraction of surface water quality is therefore pivotal for ensuring safe and hygienic water use. Consequently, surface water quality profiling has received remarkable academic attention in recent decades that produces an ample amount of research results. This study, therefore, conducts a comprehensive systematic lit...

Abstract Most of the third world countries having rivers passing through them suffer from the water contaminant problem. This problem is considered so difficult to get the water quality within the standard allowable limits for drinking, as well as for industrial and agricultural purposes. This research aims to assess the water quality of the Tigris River using the water quality index method and GIS software. Twelve parameters (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO 4 , HCO 3 , TH, TDS, BOD 5 , NO 3 , and EC) were taken from 14 stations along the river. The weighted arithmetic method was applied to compute the ...

The fuzzy logic-based decision-making approach (FGQI) is more reliable and pragmatic for groundwater-quality assessment and analysis at a larger scale and can serve as a useful tool for the water planners and decision makers in efficiently monitoring and managing groundwater quality at watershed or basin scales.