Drugs, Neurotransmitters, and Schizophrenia
SciencePublished 21 June 1974
Solomon H. Snyder, Shailesh P. Banerjee, Henry I. Yamamura, David A. Greenberg
Citations833
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score10.42
SNIP6.62
Generate an AI Snapshot to get a quick, structured summary of this paper.
Study Snapshot
ObjectiveStudy objective
MethodsResearch methodology
PopulationPopulation studied
Sample sizeSample sizes
OutcomesStudy outcomes here
ResultsStudy results comes here
LimitationsResearch study limitations comes here
A concise AI-generated summary of the paper will appear here once you click Generate AI Snapshot.
Abstract
Coupling of Dopamine D1 Recognition Sites with Adenylate Cyclase in Nuclei Accumbens and Caudatus of Schizophrenics,
Keywords
MedicineBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Journal of the American Medical AssociationDementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias
4,407 Citations1951Eugen Bleuler
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesMuscarinic Cholinergic Binding in Rat Brain
1,214 Citations1974Henry I. Yamamura, Solomon H. Snyder
Binding sites with high affinity and specificity for [(3)H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) are present in homogenates of rat brain and the characteristics of the binding sites resemble those of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in caudate nucleus of rat brain, and its similarity to the “dopamine receptor”
1,027 Citations1972John W. Kebabian, Gary L. Petzold +1 more
The results suggest that dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase may be the receptor for dopamine in mammalian brain and should facilitate the search for new therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of extrapyramidal diseases.
JAMAThe Transmission of Schizophrenia
662 Citations1969Marjorie C. Meehan
Seven papers are presented on genetics, including a critical review of the literature, three of twins, and a genealogic study in Iceland where genealogy could be traced for seven people.
PsychopharmacologyStereotyped activities produced by amphetamine in several animal species and man
615 Citations1967A. Randrup, I. Munkvad
Experiments with chickens, pidgeons, mice, rats, guinea-pigs, cats, dogs, squirrel-monkeys and chimpanzees show that stereotyped activity can be produced by amphetamine in doses of 1–20 mg/kg in all these species ranging from birds to primates.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsCATECHOLAMINE UPTAKE BY SYNAPTOSOMES IN HOMOGENATES OF RAT BRAIN: STEREOSPECIFICITY IN DIFFERENT AREAS
454 Citations1969Joseph T. Coyle, Solomon H. Snyder
In the rat cerebral cortex, d -amphetamine was 10-fold more potent an inhibitor of dl -H3-norepinephrine uptake than l -amphetamine; however, in the rat corpus striatum, d- and l - methamphetamine were equipotent as inhibitors of H3-dopamine uptake.
NatureReduced Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Blood Platelets from Schizophrenic Patients
360 Citations1972Dennis L. Murphy, Richard Jed Wyatt
Direct examination of cellular MAO in schizophrenic patients might be of interest and the evidence that MAO-inhibiting drugs may on occasion contribute to exacerbations of psychotic behaviour is suggested.
Archives of General PsychiatryAre There Pathognomonic Symptoms in Schizophrenia?
356 Citations1973William T. Carpenter
It was found that the first-rank symptoms (FRSs) occurred frequently enough in acute schizophrenia to have diagnostic applicability, but Schneider's system for identifying schizophrenia, while highly discriminating, leads to significant diagnostic errors if FRSs are regarded as pathognomonic.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Experimental Reproduction of Amphetamine Psychosis
349 Citations1973David S. Bell
A large dose of intravenous methamphetamine hydrochloride reproduced the amphetamine psychosis in 12 of 14 patients dependent on amphetamine sulfate and failed to produce a psychosis in two patients who were eventually found to have not used amphetamine regularly above the therapeutic dose range.
Journal of NeurochemistryDOPAMINE IN THE MESOLIMBIC SYSTEM OF THE RAT BRAIN: ENDOGENOUS LEVELS AND THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE UPTAKE MECHANISM AND STIMULATION OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVITY
341 Citations1974A. S. Horn, A. Claudio Cuello +1 more
High concentrations of dopamine were found in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle of the rat brain using a radiochemical enzymatic assay technique, and an active uptake system for [3H]dopamine that is temperature sensitive and dependent on external sodium ions is present in synaptosome‐rich homogenates of these two brain areas.
ScienceEffects of Amino Acid Feedings in Schizophrenic Patients Treated with Iproniazid
340 Citations1961William Pollin, Philippe V. Cardon +1 more
Large oral doses of individual amino acids were given three or four times daily for periods of 1 week to schizophrenic patients, some of whom were maintained on iproniazid.
Cellular and Molecular Life SciencesSite of action of dopamine and apomorphine on compulsive gnawing behaviour in rats
331 Citations1966A. M. Ernst, P. G. Smelik
Es wird die Relation von Struktur und Wirkung zwischen Dopamin und Apomorphin beim Zwangsnagen der Ratte, nach stereotaktischer Implantation der beiden Substanzen besprochen.
The British Journal of PsychiatryComparison of Amphetamine Psychosis and Schizophrenia
328 Citations1965David S. Bell
Amphetamine psychosis arising during the course of long-continued amphetamine addiction resembles paranoid schizophrenia andAuditory and visual hallucinations occur in a setting of clear consciousness and correct orientation.
Journal of Psychiatric ResearchAmphetamine psychosis: Behavioral and biochemical aspects
327 Citations1974Burton Angrist, Gregory Sathananthan +2 more
Archives of General PsychiatryProvocation of Schizophrenic Symptoms by Intravenous Administration of Methylphenidate
310 Citations1973David S. Janowsky
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) hydrochloride was administered intravenously to schizophrenic, manic, and depressed patients during the active phase of their illness and upon recovery and to normal and failed to produce a psychotic reaction in most patients with mania and all normal or depressed patients.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsACTION OF PSYCHOTOGENIC DRUGS ON SINGLE MIDBRAIN RAPHE NEURONS
309 Citations1970G K Aghajanian, Warren E. Foote +1 more
The results indicate that the indole and phenethylamine psychotogens, which have similar effects on behavior, also have an overlapping although not identical effect on single units in the raphe nuclei.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsA COMPARISON OF THE CAPACITIES OF ISOMERS OF AMPHETAMINE, DEOXYPIPRADROL AND METHYLPHENIDATE TO INHIBIT THE UPTAKE OF TRITIATED CATECHOLAMINES INTO RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX SLICES, SYNAPTOSOMAL PREPARATIONS OF RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX, HYPOTHALAMUS AND STRIATUM AND INTO ADRENERGIC NERVES OF RABBIT AORTA
305 Citations1972R M Ferris, Flora Tang +1 more
The suggestion is made that the receptor in the striatum is capable of receiving two phenyl rings but that the position of the two receptive areas for these rings is different in the stniatum than it is in those Pumps in which the tricyclic antidepressants are potent inhibitors of catecholamine uptake.
ScienceReduced Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Platelets: A Possible Genetic Marker for Vulnerability to Schizophrenia
304 Citations1973Richard Jed Wyatt, Dennis L. Murphy +4 more
The data suggest, but do not prove, that reduced platelet monoamine oxidase activity may provide a genetic marker for vulnerability to schizophrenia.
Journal of Pharmacy and PharmacologyEffect of clozapine on the turnover of dopamine in the corpus striatum and in the limbic system
294 Citations1973Nils‐Erik Andén, Günter Stock
The clozapine-induced influence on the turnover of dopamine has been studied in determining its principal metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA), in the rabbit brain.
Archives of General PsychiatryDextroamphetamine
271 Citations1972John D. Griffith
Surprisingly, it was found that large long-term doses of dextroamphetamine caused the subjects to feel depressed rather than elated, which suggests that while the short-term effects of deXTroamphetamine might be explained as a potentiation of catecholamines, the long- term effects of the drug may result from depletion of the central nervous system's stores ofcatecholamine.
Brain ResearchA map of the rat mesencephalon for electrical self-stimulation
253 Citations1972Timothy J. Crow
It is proposed that the system of dopamine-containing neurones from the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum is one of two systems whose activation will support self-stimulattion responding.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesDopamine as a Synaptic Transmitter and Modulator in Sympathetic Ganglia: A Different Mode of Synaptic Action
239 Citations1970Benjamin Libet, Tsuneo Tosaka
An analysis of the role of adrenergic transmission in mediating the hyperpolarizing, slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential has revealed that dopamine is apparently the specific synaptic transmitter for this response, and an additional action of dopamine was discovered, namely the selective facilitation of another synaptic response, the slow excitatory post Synaptic potential.
Brain ResearchDifferential effects of D- and L-amphetamine on behavior and on catecholamine disposition in dopamine and norepinephrine containing neurons of rat brain
235 Citations1971Kenneth M. Taylor, Solomon H. Snyder
It is suggested that brain norepinephrine is selectively involved in mediating amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation while a dopaminergic component may participate in eliciting the compulsive gnawing syndrome.
Brain ResearchMuscarinic cholinergic receptor binding: regional distribution in monkey brain
235 Citations1974Henry I. Yamamura, Michael J. Kuhar +2 more
Brain ResearchSome evidence for the existence of dopaminergic neurons in the rat cortex
234 Citations1973A.M. Thierry, L. Stinus +2 more
Brain ResearchIntracranial self-stimulation with electrodes in the region of the locus coeruleus
214 Citations1972Timothy J. Crow, P.J. Spear +1 more
It is proposed that the noradrenaline-containing system arising from the locus coeruleus is one of two neural systems which can be activated to obtain electrical self-stimulation, but the possibility that a fibre pathway associated with the mesencephalic root of the trigeminal nerve is involved cannot be excluded.
NeuropharmacologyUptake of [3H]-catecholamines by homogenates of rat corpus striatum and cerebral cortex: Effects of amphetamine analogues
213 Citations1973Jane E. Harris, R.J. Baldessarinig
Dextroamphetamine was found to be four times more potent than the (−)-enantiomer against the uptake of [3H]-dopamine with striatal tissue, which may help to clarify the effects of the isomers on the development of stereotyped behaviour in the rat.
ScienceAdenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate in Nervous Tissue: Increase Associated with Synaptic Transmission
206 Citations1971Donald A. McAfee, Michel Schorderet +1 more
These and other experiments indicated that the increased concentrations of adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate were closely associated with the process of synaptic transmission.
Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesChlorpromazie and Dopamine: Conformational Similarities that Correlate with the Antischizophrenic Activity of Phenothiazine Drugs
199 Citations1971Alan S. Horn, Solomon H. Snyder
The ability of phenothiazine drugs to mimic the dopamine-like conformation correlates with their antischizophrenic efficacy and the importance of a substituent in ring a, a three-carbon side chain bearing the amino group, and a hetero atom between rings a and c is explained.
ScienceDopaminergic and Noradrenergic Substrates of Positive Reinforcement: Differential Effects of <i>d</i> - and <i>l</i> -Amphetamine
197 Citations1973Anthony G. Phillips, Hans C. Fibiger
Intracranial self-stimulation data support the hypothesis that both dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems subserve positive reinforcement.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsTHE ENZYMATIC N-METHYLATION OF SEROTONIN AND OTHER AMINES
190 Citations1962Julius Axelrod
The serotonin methylating enzyme can N-methylate a variety of normally occurring compounds such as dopamine, normetanephrine, metanephine, epinephrine, tyramine, and octopamine as well as a varietyof foreign compounds suchAs ephedrine, amphetamine, aniline, normorphine,normeperidine and nornicotine.
SciencePsychotomimetic <i>N</i> -Methylated Tryptamines: Formation in Brain in vivo and in vitro
187 Citations1972Juan M. Saavedra, Julius Axelrod
An enzyme that converts tryptamine and N-methyl-tryptamine to N- methyl-and dimethyltryptamine was found to be present in rat and human brain.
ScienceDopamine-β-Hydroxylase Deficits in the Brains of Schizophrenic Patients
186 Citations1973C. David Wise, Larry Stein
There was a significant reduction in the DBH activity of the schizophrenic group in all brain regions examined, consistent with the hypothesis that noradrenergic "reward" pathways are damaged in schizophrenia.
ScienceEnzymatic Formation of Psychotomimetic Metabolites from Normally Occurring Compounds
183 Citations1961Julius Axelrod
An enzyme has been found that N-methylates serotonin and tryptamine to psychotomimetic metabolites, bufotenine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Archives of General Psychiatry"Psychedelic" Experiences in Acute Psychoses
180 Citations1966Malcolm B. Bowers
The disease which thus evokes these new and wonderful talents and operations of the mind may be compared to an earthquake which, by convulsing the upper strata of the authors' globe, throws upon its surface precious and splendid fossils.
Archives of NeurologyPsychosis and Other Psychiatric Manifestations of Levodopa Therapy
171 Citations1970Gastone G. Celesia, Amy Barr
16 cases of psychiatric disturbances which occurred among 45 patients treated with levodopa are reported, which are reported to be the most effective agent presently available for the treatment of parkinsonism.
European Journal of PharmacologyBehavioural and biochemical comparison of amphetamine derivatives, cocaine, benztropine and tricyclic anti-depressant drugs
165 Citations1972Jørgen Scheel‐Krüger
The results suggest that the effect on normetanephrine and 3-methoxytyramine in this biochemical test is correlated with catecholamine-releasing properties of the central stimulant drugs and not with an influence on the reuptake mechanism in catechlamine neurons.
ScienceFacilitation of Brain Self-Stimulation by Central Administration of Norepinephrine
158 Citations1969C. David Wise, Larry Stein
Rats with electrodes implanted in the medial forebrain bundle stimulated their own brains at sharply reduced rates after systemic administration of disulfiram or intraventricular administration of diethyldithiocarbamate, and the suppressed behavior was reinstated by intra ventricular injections of 1-norepinephrine, but not by injection of its biologically inactive isomer, d-norpinephrine.
International review of neurobiologyThe Phenothiazinetranquilizers: Biochemical and Biophysical Actions
151 Citations1964Paul S. Guth, Morris A. Spirtes
There is evidence provided that the phenothiazines, in apparent contrast to other drugs, act in the central nervous system at those sites where they concentrate in the brain.
Archives of General PsychiatryOn the Use and Abuse of LSD
142 Citations1968Daniel X. Freedman
Given the prevalence of these motives it is not surprising that drugs play a role not only in the behavior of individuals but also in social and ideological processes.
Journal of Pharmacy and PharmacologyDiethyldithiocarbamate and amphetamine stereotype behaviour
134 Citations1966A. Randrup, Jørgen Scheel‐Krüger
The effect of DDC is in sharp contrast to compounds which decrease the synthesis of both dopamine and noradrenaline by inhibition of the tyrosinehydroxylase (ct-methyltyrosine and some of its derivatives) to change the amphetamineinduced stereotype hyperactivity into a more varied behaviour, which besides sniffing includes locomotion and grooming.
NatureCatecholamines in the Median Eminence: New Evidence for a Major Noradrenergic Input
131 Citations1973A. Claudio Cuello, A. S. Horn +2 more
Nature New BiologyIndole(ethyl)amine N-Methyltransferase in Human Brain
130 Citations1971Arnold J. Mandell, M.R.A. Morgan
Preliminary evidence gathered in laboratories from rats infused intraventricularly with bufotenin has suggested that this substance is at least as potent as its powerfully hallucinogenic 5-methoxy congener, and may not easily cross the blood-brain barrier.
PharmacopsychiatryDas klinische Wirkungsbild von Clozapin: (Untersuchung mit dem AMP-System)
129 Citations1971Jules Angst, D Bente +4 more
NatureComparative Psychotomimetic Effects of Stereoisomers of Amphetamine
126 Citations1971Burton Angrist, Baron Shopsin +1 more
Findings with regard to stereotypy suggested that dopaminergic mechanisms were largely involved in the induction of behavioural stereotypy, but that noradrenergic mechanisms might also contribute since the potency of d to l-amphetamine was found to be between 1 and 2 to 1, not 1 to 1 as might be expected if only non-stereospecific mechanisms were involved.
PharmacopsychiatryKritische Stellungnahme zum Begriff der Neuroleptika
123 Citations1971G Stille, Hanns Hippius
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsTOXICITY AND CATECHOLAMINE RELEASING ACTIONS OF d- AND l-AMPHETAMINE IN ISOLATED AND AGGREGATED MICE
121 Citations1963Kenneth E. Moore
It is proposed that the release of endogenous stores of norepinephrine plays a role in the enhanced toxicity of d -amphetamine in aggregated mice.
Journal of NeurochemistryTHE DISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTIES OF THE NONSPECIFIC <i>N</i>‐METHYLTRANSFERASE IN BRAIN
120 Citations1973Juan M. Saavedra, Joseph T. Coyle +1 more
Enzymatic activity is unevenly distributed in the brain with the highest activity in the cerebral cortex and striaturn of the rat and in the subcortical white matter in man.
PsychopharmacologyBehavioral effects of l-Dopa in schizophrenic patients
119 Citations1973Burton Angrist, Gregory Sathananthan +1 more
The behavioral effects of administration of l-Dopa to schizophrenic patients was assessed and three patients showed non-specific stimulation while the remaining 7 showed a combination of both stimulation and worsening of pre-existent symptoms or the development of new symptomatology.
European Journal of PharmacologyAccumulation and disappearance of catecholamines formed from tyrosine-14C in mouse brain; effect of some psychotropic drugs
117 Citations1968Henrik Nybäck, Z Borzecki +1 more
The results are taken as evidence that desipramine selectively acts on noradrenaline neurons in the brain, whereas chlorpromazine and haloperidol primarily affect dopamine neurons where synthesis and turnover of the transmitter is increased.
British Journal of Pharmacology and ChemotherapyCHANGES IN THE METABOLISM OF 3, 4‐DIHYDROXYPHENYLETHYLAMINE (DOPAMINE) IN THE STRIATUM OF THE MOUSE INDUCED BY DRUGS
116 Citations1966Dharmender Sharma
British Journal of PharmacologyAttenuation of amphetamine‐induced motor stimulation and stereotypy by 6‐hydroxydopamine in the rat
116 Citations1973H.C. Fibiger, H. P. FIBIGER +1 more
The results are consistent with the view that amphetamine exerts its behavioural effects indirectly through its action on brain catecholamines and suggest that dopaminergic nigro‐striatal neurones mediate some of the stimulant effects of amphetamine as well as being of critical importance in amphetamine‐induced stereotypy.
Nature New BiologyAmphetamine Response in Rat after Dopamine Neurone Destruction
115 Citations1972Ian Creese, Susan D. Iversen
Comparisons of the potency of d- and l-amphetamine in behavioural and biochemical tests suggested that a release of NA mediates the locomotor activity and DA the stereotypy responses, and attempts are made to pursue these hypotheses with lesions to aminergic pathways.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseTHE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN AMINE FOUND IN THE URINE OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS1
114 Citations1962Arnold J. Friedhoff, Elnora Van Winkle
American Journal of PsychiatryTREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIC REACTIONS WITH PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVES
114 Citations1960Jesse F. Casey, Julian J. Lasky +2 more
Six hundred forty newly-admitted schizophrenic men in 35 VA hospitals were randomly assigned to chlorpromazine, triflupromazine, mepazine, prochlorperazine, perphenazine and phenobarbital groups, and clinical evaluations using two rating scales provided 24 criteria of change.
British Journal of PharmacologyTurning behaviour as an index of the action of amphetamines and ephedrines on central dopamine‐containing neurones
110 Citations1971J. E. Christie, Timothy J. Crow
Rats lesioned unilaterally in the substantia nigra show no obvious abnormalities after recovery from the operation but rotate towards the lesioned side after administration of drugs of the amphetamine and ephedrine groups.
ScienceMethyltetrahydrofolic Acid Mediates <i>N</i> - and <i>O</i> -Methylation of Biogenic Amines
102 Citations1973Shailesh P. Banerjee, Solomon H. Snyder
With methyltetrahydrofolic acid, serotonin is O-methylated to 5-methoxytryptamine, a novel indoleamine in mammalian brain.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsA SPECIFIC AND SENSITIVE ENZYMATIC ASSAY FOR TRYPTAMINE IN TISSUES
98 Citations1972Juan M. Saavedra, Julius Axelrod
A sensitive and specific enzymatic-isotopic method for the determination of tryptamine content in animal tissues is described, and the levels of endogenous tryptamines were quantified in rat brain and peripheral tissues.
Physiology & BehaviorEffect of intraventricular infusion of dopamine and norepinephrine on motor activity
92 Citations1972Mark A. Geyer, David S. Segal +1 more
Dose-dependent increases in free-field activity resulted from intraventricular infusions of dopamine and norepinephrine in unrestrained rats, which suggested that the activity produced by dopamine was due to its conversion to or displacement of nore Pinephrine and consequent excitation of noradrenergic receptors.
Journal of Pharmacy and PharmacologyEffect of apomorphine and pimozide on synthesis and turnover of labelled catecholamines in mouse brain
92 Citations1970Henrik Nybäck, Johan Schubert +1 more
Journal of Mental SciencePsychoses Due to Amphetamine Consumption
91 Citations1960Patricia M. Beamish, L. G. Kiloh
Seven cases are described in which psychotic illnesses occurred in association with amphetamine consumption, in which the psychosis took the form of a delirium and in which barbiturates may have played a more important aetiological role than amphetamine.
Archives of General PsychiatryVarious Enzymes Involved With Putative Neurotransmitters
90 Citations1973Edward F. Domino
The majority of brain areas sampled showed no significant differences in enzyme activity among the three groups, and the differences that were observed must be considered preliminary and subject to further validation under better controlled conditions.
PsychopharmacologyRole of the tuberculum olfactorium in stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine in the rat
90 Citations1972Gerald M. McKenzie
It is concluded that an intact tuberculum olfactorium is essential for the induction of stereotyped behaviour by apomorphine.
Life SciencesNorepinephrine: A possible excitatory neurohormone of the reward system
90 Citations1963B. P. H. Poschel, F.W. Ninteman
Rats working for stimulation of the hypothalamus were injected with Parnate and alpha -methyl- meta -tyrosine and a sustained high-level of free norepinephrine was made available to central reactive sites, which seems to exert excitatory effects on the reward system.
PharmacopsychiatryErgebnisse eines Doppelblindversuches von HF 1854<sup>*</sup>(8-Chlor-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-5H-dibenzo (b, e) (1,4) diazepin) im Vergleich zu Levomepromazin
89 Citations1971Jules Angst, Uta Jaenicke +2 more
Archives of Neurology And PsychiatryEffect of Some Indolealkylamines on Man
89 Citations1959William J. Turner
Nature New BiologyN-Methylation of Dopamine to Epinine in Brain Tissue using N-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid as the Methyl Donor
88 Citations1972Pierre M. Laduron
In this model epinine should be considered as the immediate precursor of adrenaline2, and in this model a simplified model more compatible with the concept of intracellular compartments is proposed.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseCLINICAL REACTIONS AND TOLERANCE TO LSD IN CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
85 Citations1955Louis Cholden, Albert A. Kurland +1 more
Brain ResearchIdentification and quantitation of a new indolealkylamine in rat hypothalamus
84 Citations1973A.R. Green, Stephen H. Koslow +1 more
ScienceIndole(ethyl)amine <i>N</i> -Methyltransferase in the Brain
83 Citations1969M.R.A. Morgan, Arnold J. Mandell
An enzyme which N-methylates various indole(ethyl)amine substrates was isolated from brain, separated from the pituitary and the pineal glands, and appeared localized in the supernatant and synaptosomal areas after discontinuous sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation.
Journal of Psychiatric ResearchThe effects of L-methionine (without MAOI) in schizophrenia
80 Citations1971Fuad Antun, Gordon B. Burnett +4 more
The present study assesses whether the clinical effects of methionine administration to schizophrenic patients without MAO1 cover are associated with an increase in 0-methylated metabolites of adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Archives of General PsychiatryEfficacy of Tranquilizing and Antidepressant Drugs
77 Citations1965John M. Davis
It would be of interest in thinking about drugs to have a quick review, a sort of box score, of the efficacy of various drugs as determined by controlled studies.
Nature New BiologyMechanism and Control of Initiation in the Translation of R17 RNA
75 Citations1972Markus Noll, Hans Noll
A general model of initiation of protein synthesis based on experiments with R17 RNA as messenger proposes a two-stage mechanism, the first stage requiring dissociation into subunits and initiation factors, and the second involving direct attachment of ribosomes.
Archives of General PsychiatryMethionine Effects on Chronic Schizophrenics
68 Citations1965Lee C. Park
Pollin et al 22 administered large doses of 1methionine and ordinary doses of iproniazid to chronic schizophrenic patients to learn whether possible increases in amounts of methylated amines would potentiate a schizophrenic process.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of PharmacologyFunctional and biochemical effects of d- and l-amphetamine on central catecholamine neurons
67 Citations1971Torgny H. Svensson
d-amphetamine was more potent than l-amphetamine in eliciting hypermotility, turning and stereotypies and the difference may be due to their different effect on central dopamine neurons.
The Journal of Nervous and Mental DiseaseL-METHIONINE AND L-TRYPTOPHAN FEEDINGS IN NON-PSYCHOTIC AND SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT TRANYLCYPROMINE
66 Citations1963Fred Alexander, George C. Curtis +2 more
American Journal of Physiology-Legacy ContentBehavioral effects of 5-methoxy-N:N-dimethyltryptamine, other tryptamines, and LSD
64 Citations1962Peter K. Gessner, Irvine H. Page
5-Methoxy-N:N-dimethyltryptamine had a pronounced effect on the conditioned avoidance response, much more pronounced than that due to the known psychotomimetic substituted tryptamines, and suggests that abnormal tryptophan metabolism could result in mental disturbance.
Pharmacological Research CommunicationsHyperlipoproteinemia in alcoholic subjects
62 Citations1973Cesare R. Sirtori, E. Agradi +1 more
Plasma lipid levels were tested in a group of a alcoholic patients admitted to an alcoholic ward, most markedly in chronic alcoholics, and typing of hyperlipoproteinemia showed a high incidence of type IV disease.
Pharmacological ReviewsBIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTIONS OF PSYCHOTOMIMETIC DRUGS
61 Citations1965Nicholas J. Giarman, Daniel X. Freedman
A wide variety of chemuical structures is grouped generically under the classification of psychotomimetic drugs, with little justification in terms of either somatic or behavioral effects, amid there is little likelihood of discovering a umiitary explamiation of the mechanismn of action of these drugs.
NatureIdentification of 3,4-Dimethoxyphenethylamine from Schizophrenic Urine by Mass Spectrometry
58 Citations1967Cyrus R. Creveling, John W. Daly
The methods which have been used to isolate and identify the “pink spot”, solvent extraction, ion-exchange chromatography, paper and thin-layer chromatography and various colour reactions, have not provided unequivocal identification.
Journal of NeurochemistryAN ASSAY PROCEDURE FOR TRYPTAMINE IN BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD USING ITS [<sup>3</sup>H]DANSYL DERIVATIVE
58 Citations1973S. Robert Snodgrass, A. S. Horn
The brain content of tryptamine increased after MAO inhibition and was not significantly further increased when tryptophan loading was combined with inhibition of MAO and/or tryptphan 5‐hydroxylase, and the tryptamines concentration of spinal cord exceeded that of brain and increased rapidly after death.
New England Journal of MedicineCurrent Biochemical Approaches to Schizophrenia
55 Citations1967Seymour S. Kety
Biochemistry has generated the hope that a relatively simple chemical disturbance may be identified in its etiology, and heuristic hypotheses such as those formulated on this premise are always beneficial to a field because of the interest, thought and research that they generate.
Archives of General PsychiatryThe Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia
48 Citations1972William Pollin
A stress model of schizophrenia pathogenesis is presented, which attempts to integrate genetic, biochemical, and experiential variables.
British Journal of PharmacologyDifferences in the uptake, storage and metabolism of (+)‐ and (—)‐noradrenaline
44 Citations1971Leslie L. Iversen, Bevyn Jarrott +1 more
Analysis of the radioactive metabolites of the two isomers of noradrenaline after administration of mixed doses of the labelled substances showed that a significantly higher proportion of (+)‐noradrenali was metabolized to normetanephrine than of (—)‐Noradrenalin, in the whole mouse, rat heart and rat brain.
Biochemical PharmacologyThe effects of cocaine, amphetamine and some amphetamine-like compounds on the in vivo levels of noradrenaline and dopamine in the rat brain
41 Citations1964J.R.C. Baird, J J Lewis
No relationship exists between the effects of these drugs on behaviour and on the brain levels of noradrenaline and dopamine and possible mechanisms of action of amphetamine and cocaine are discussed.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsSTEREOSELECTIVITY OF CATECHOLAMINE UPTAKE BY BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES: STUDIES WITH EPHEDRINE, METHYLPHENIDATE AND PHENYL-2-PIPERIDYL CARBINOL
37 Citations1972Edith D. Hendley, Solomon H. Snyder +2 more
Although ephedrine, amphetamine and norepinephrine isomers show much less stereoselectivity in the corpus striatum than in the cerebral cortex, phenyl-2-piperidyl carbinol and methylphenidate isomers display more stereose electrophysiological activity than the ephedrines.
European Journal of PharmacologyStereoselectivity of catecholamine uptake in noradrenergic and dopaminergic peripheral organs
25 Citations1972Edith D. Hendley, Solomon H. Snyder
Findings in the rat brain confirmed earlier findings in the rabbit brain in which catecholamine uptake was stereoselective in noradrenergic brain regions but not in the corpus striatum, a dopaminergic region.
Archives of General PsychiatryBehavioral and Biochemical Alterations in Schizophrenic Patients
25 Citations1968J. Spaide
It was observed that preceding exacerbations of their paychotic symptoms and throughout the entire period of behavioral worsening increased excretions of indole metabolites occurred, and the largest and most consistent increases were in tryptamine whether appearing spontaneously or evoked by methionine with a monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO) inhibitor.
American Journal of PsychiatryEFFECTS OF METHIONINE AND HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
23 Citations1965George G. Haydu, Andreas Dhrymiotis +2 more
Results support the hypothesis that the schizophrenic process is exacerbated by increased effort readiness without discharge, as enhanced by methionine administration and the significant ameliorating effect of hydroxychloroquine is offered as a tool for therapeutic studies.
Archives of General PsychiatryPhenothiazine Reduction As a Cause of Rehospitalization
10 Citations1965Robert Sheldon Gantz
A group of schizophrenic outpatients are studied to find out if reduction in phenothiazine dosage, ordered by a physician, is a significant cause of readmission to a hospital.
…