West Nile Virus: Epidemiology and Clinical Features of an Emerging Epidemic in the United States
Annual Review of MedicinePublished 1 September 2005
Edward B. Hayes, Duane J. Gubler
Citations368
SJR quartileQ1
SJR score6.79
SNIP4.24
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TL;DR
New information on the epidemiology and clinical aspects of WNV disease derived from greatly expanded surveillance and research on WNV during the past six years are reviewed.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in North America in 1999 during an outbreak of encephalitis in New York City. Since then the virus has spread across North America and into Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The largest epidemics of neuroinvasive WNV disease ever reported occurred in the United States in 2002 and 2003. This paper reviews new information on the epidemiology and clinical aspects of WNV disease derived from greatly expanded surveillance and research on WNV during the past six years.
Keywords
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48 Citations2004Tian Wang, Erol Fikrig
Understanding of West Nile virus pathogenesis and immunity is increased, which will facilitate the development of effective vaccines and therapies to combat WN virus.
FEMS Microbiology LettersNew insights on the neuropathogenicity of West Nile virus
47 Citations2004Pierre‐Emmanuel Ceccaldi, Marianne Lucas +1 more
In murine neural cell cultures, the selective infection of neurons was accompanied by physiopathological changes and a cytopathic effect, showing the direct effect of infected neurons as one of the causes of WNV neuropathogenicity.
Current Treatment Options in NeurologyNeuromuscular manifestations of human West Nile virus infection
47 Citations2005A. Arturo Leis, Dobrivoje S. Stokić
There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently approved for WNV infection in humans, and the standard is supportive care only, but several drugs that can alter the cascade of immunobiochemical events leading to neuronal death may be potentially useful.
Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationAcute flaccid paralysis associated with West Nile virus: Motor and functional improvement in 4 patients
35 Citations2004Christina Marciniak, Susan Sorosky +1 more
Little is known about recovery in patients with WNV-associated anterior myelitis; all patients showed modest improvements in strength and function; no patient made full recovery of strength or became ambulatory by 6-month follow-up.
Canadian Respiratory JournalWest Nile Virus Infection in the Intensive Care Unit: A Case Series and Literature Review
29 Citations2004Eddy Fan, Dale M. Needham +3 more
The management of WNV-related critical illness creates challenges in making a timely and accurate diagnosis, and predicting patient morbidity and mortality, as a consequence of end-of-life discussions with families are especially difficult.
Clinical Microbiology and InfectionSerum ferritin levels in West Nile encephalitis
29 Citations2004B. A. Cunha, B. Sachdev +1 more
Results suggested that serum ferritin levels >or= 500 ng/mL occur late with WNE, and not in a control group of patients with viral meningitis or encephalitis.
Annals of Emergency MedicineWest nile encephalitis presenting as a stroke
27 Citations2003Erik Kulstad, Melvin Wichter
Vector-Borne and Zoonotic DiseasesRhabdomyolysis in Patients with West Nile Encephalitis and Meningitis
27 Citations2005Susan P. Montgomery, Catherine C. Chow +4 more
The clinical and epidemiological features of identified cases of WNV neuroinvasive disease and rhabdomyolysis suggested a common etiology, but these patients presented with complex clinical conditions which may have led to development of rhabdomsolysis from other causes.
The American Journal of MedicinePrognostic importance of lymphopenia in West Nile encephalitis
23 Citations2004Burke A. Cunha, Brian P. McDermott +1 more
PubMedPesticide use for West Nile virus.
23 Citations2003Howard Shapiro, Sandra Micucci
West Nile virus (WNV) caused an unprecedented amount of arthropod-borne illness in Canada in 2002 and one of us (H.S.) has been involved in a cooperative group of southern Ontario public health departments to work through some of the approaches to mosquito control.
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